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arXiv 2009.05583astro-ph.GA
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无耗散星系合并中的恒星速度色散和初始质量函数梯度

Stellar velocity dispersion and initial mass function gradients in dissipationless galaxy mergers

Carlo Nipoti, Carlo Cannarozzo, Francesco Calura, Alessandro Sonnenfeld, Tommaso Treu

摘要:

恒星初始质量函数(IMF)在早型星系(ETG)中被认为是不通用的。用所谓的IMF失配参数$α_{\rm IMF}$来参数化IMF,它是恒星系综的恒星质光比的度量,因此也是IMF的“重”的度量,人们发现对于ETG $α_{\rm e}$,(即在有效半径$R_{\rm e}$内积分的$α_{\rm IMF}$)随$σ_{\rm e}$增加(在$R_{\rm e}$内积分的视线速度分散$σ_{\rm los}$),并且在同一ETG内,$α_{\rm IMF}$倾向于向外减小。我们研究了无耗散(干)合并对ETG中IMF失配参数$α_{\rm IMF}$分布的影响,使用的二进制主要和次要合并模拟的结果。我们发现,干合并倾向于使ETGs的$α_{\rm IMF}$配置文件变浅,但不改变显着的空间分辨$σ_{\rm los}α_{\rm IMF}$空间中的分布的形状。个别星系进行干合并往往会减少其$α_{\rm e}$,由于侵蚀的$α_{\rm IMF}$梯度和混合的恒星星族与较轻的IMF。它们的$σ_{\rm e}$可以减少或增加,这取决于合并轨道参数和质量比,但往往减少宇宙学动机的合并历史。$α_{\rm e}$ - $σ_{\rm e}$的关系可以随着红移而变化,这是单个ETG演化的结果:基于一个简单的干合并模型,给定$σ_{\rm e}$的ETG预计在更高的红移处具有更高的$α_{\rm e}$,除非吸积的卫星非常分散,以至于它们对合并残余物的内部恒星分布的贡献可以忽略不计。

英文摘要:

The stellar initial mass function (IMF) is believed to be non-universal among early-type galaxies (ETGs). Parameterizing the IMF with the so-called IMF mismatch parameter $α_{\rm IMF}$, which is a measure of the stellar mass-to-light ratio of an ensemble of stars and thus of the 'heaviness' of its IMF, one finds that for ETGs $α_{\rm e}$ (i.e. $α_{\rm IMF}$ integrated within the effective radius $R_{\rm e}$) increases with $σ_{\rm e}$ (the line-of-sight velocity dispersion $σ_{\rm los}$ integrated within $R_{\rm e}$) and that, within the same ETG, $α_{\rm IMF}$ tends to decrease outwards. We study the effect of dissipationless (dry) mergers on the distribution of the IMF mismatch parameter $α_{\rm IMF}$ in ETGs using the results of binary major and minor merging simulations. We find that dry mergers tend to make the $α_{\rm IMF}$ profiles of ETGs shallower, but do not alter significantly the shape of the distributions in the spatially resolved $σ_{\rm los}α_{\rm IMF}$ space. Individual galaxies undergoing dry mergers tend to decrease their $α_{\rm e}$, due to erosion of $α_{\rm IMF}$ gradients and mixing with stellar populations with lighter IMF. Their $σ_{\rm e}$ can either decrease or increase, depending on the merging orbital parameters and mass ratio, but tends to decrease for cosmologically motivated merging histories. The $α_{\rm e}$-$σ_{\rm e}$ relation can vary with redshift as a consequence of the evolution of individual ETGs: based on a simple dry-merging model, ETGs of given $σ_{\rm e}$ are expected to have higher $α_{\rm e}$ at higher redshift, unless the accreted satellites are so diffuse that they contribute negligibly to the inner stellar distribution of the merger remnant.

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