We use Gaia DR2 to measure the initial mass function (IMF) of stars within 250 pc and masses in the range 0.2 < m/Msun < 1.0, separated according to kinematics and metallicity, as determined from Gaia transverse velocity, v_T, and location on the Hertzsprung-Russell diagram (HRD). The predominant thin-disc population (v_T < 40 km/s) has an IMF similar to traditional (e.g. Kroupa 2001}) stellar IMFs, with star numbers per mass interval dN/dm described by a broken power law, m^(-alpha), and index alpha_high=2.03 +0.14/-0.05 above m~0.5, shallowing to alpha_low=1.34 +0.11/-0.22 at m~<0.5. Thick-disc stars (60 km/s < v_T < 150 km/s) and stars belonging to the "high-metallicity" or "red-sequence" halo (v_T > 100 km/s or v_T > 200 km/s, and located above the isochrone on the HRD with metallicity [M/H] > -0.6) have a somewhat steeper high-mass slope, alpha_high=2.35 +0.97/-0.19 (and a similar low-mass slope alpha_low=1.14 +0.42/-0.50). Halo stars from the "blue sequence", which are characterised by low-metallicity ([M/H] < -0.6), however, have a distinct, bottom-heavy IMF, well-described by a single power law with alpha=1.82 +0.17/-0.14 over most of the mass range probed. The IMF of the low-metallicity halo is reminiscent of the Salpeter-like IMF that has been measured in massive early-type galaxies, a stellar population that, like Milky-Way halo stars, has a high ratio of alpha elements to iron, [alpha/Fe]. Blue-sequence stars are likely the debris from accretion by the Milky Way, ~10 Gyrs ago, of the Gaia-Enceladus dwarf galaxy, or similar events. These results hint at a distinct mode of star formation common to two ancient stellar populations -- elliptical galaxies and galaxies possibly accreted early-on by ours.
Accreted stars and stellar haloes of simulated galaxies in TNG50
Facultad de Matemática, Astronomía, Física y Computación, UNC(数学、天文学、物理与计算科学学院,科尔多瓦国立大学);Instituto de Astronomía Teórica y Experimental, CONICET–UNC(理论与实验天体物理研究所,阿根廷国家科学研究委员会-科尔多瓦国立大学);Observatorio Astronómico de Córdoba, UNC(科尔多瓦天文台,科尔多瓦国立大学);Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of Victoria(物理学与天文学系,维多利亚大学)
Hubble Space Telescope imaging for 26 giant early-type galaxies, all drawn from the MAST archive, is used to carry out photometry of their surrounding globular cluster (GC) systems. Most of these targets are Brightest Cluster Galaxies (BCGs) and their distances range from 24 to 210 Mpc. The catalogs of photometry, completed with DOLPHOT, are publicly available. The GC color indices are converted to [Fe/H] through a combination of 12-Gyr SSP (Single Stellar Population) models and direct spectroscopic calibration of the fiducial color index (F475W-F850LP). All the resulting metallicity distribut…
We present new, deep optical observations of the early-type galaxy NGC 4278, which is located in a small loose group. We find that the galaxy lacks fine substructure, i.e., it appears relaxed, out to a radius of $\sim$70 kpc. Our $g$- and $i$-band surface brightness profiles are uniform down to our deepest levels of $\sim$28 mag arcsec$^{-2}$. This spans an extremely large radial range of more than 14 half-mass radii. Combined with archival globular cluster (GC) number density maps and a new analysis of the total mass distribution obtained from archival Chandra X-ray data, we find that the red…
Star-forming blue ETGs in two newly discovered galaxy overdensities in the HUDF at z=1.84 and 1.9: unveiling the progenitors of passive ETGs in cluster cores
The SLUGGS Survey: globular clusters and the dark matter content of early-type galaxies
球状星团(GC)系统的总质量与宿主星系的维里晕质量之间存在很强的相关性。然而,在这种相关性中,总晕质量是在空间尺度上进行的统计测量,是典型GC系统的十倍左右。在这里,我们调查GC系统和星系的暗物质在可比的空间尺度之间的联系,使用动态质量测量的星系的基础上。我们的样本包括17个充分研究的大质量(恒星质量$\sim$ 10 $^{11}$ M $_{\odot}$)早期型星系从SLUGGS调查。我们发现,最强的相关性是蓝色(贫金属)GC亚群和暗物质含量。这种相关性意味着星系的暗物质质量可以通过对GC系统的仔细成像来估计,误差在2倍之内。GC系统的质量与封闭的暗物质的质量之比几乎是恒定的。我们还发现,蓝色GC的分数和封闭的暗物质的分数之间有很强的相关性,因此,一个典型的星系与蓝色GC的分数为60%有一个暗物质的分数为86%,在类似的空间尺度。晕的增长和去除(通过潮汐剥离)可能在形成这种趋势中发挥一定作用。在星系形成的两相模型的背景下,我们发现星系的吸积恒星的比例最高,有较高的暗物质分数为一个给定的分数的蓝色GC。
Hidden mass in early galaxies revealed by bottom-heavy initial mass functions
Leiden University(莱顿大学);Observatories of the Carnegie Institution for Science(卡内基科学研究所天文台);Yale University(耶鲁大学);University of Pittsburgh(匹兹堡大学);Niels Bohr Institute, University of Copenhagen(哥本哈根大学尼尔斯·玻尔研究所);Max-Planck-Institut für Astronomie(马克斯·普朗克天文学研究所);Universität Zürich(苏黎世大学)
The Evolution of Brightest Cluster Galaxies in the Nearby Universe I: Colours and Stellar Masses from the Sloan Digital Sky Survey and Wide Infrared Survey Explorer
Spatially resolved star formation history of Sextans dSph
Instituto Interdisciplinario de Ciencias Básicas (ICB), CONICET-UNCuyo(基础科学跨研究所 (ICB),CONICET-UNCuyo);Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas (CONICET)(国家科学研究委员会 (CONICET))
The separation of oxygen- and carbon-rich AGB sources is crucial for their accurate use as local and cosmological distance and age/metallicity indicators. We investigate the use of unsupervised learning algorithms for classifying the chemistry of long-period variables from Gaia DR3's BP/RP spectra. Even in the presence of significant interstellar dust, the spectra separate into two groups attributable to O-rich and C-rich sources. Given these classifications, we utilise a supervised approach to separate O-rich and C-rich sources without BP/RP spectra but instead given broadband optical and inf…
Color-Magnitude Relations within Globular Cluster Systems of Giant Elliptical Galaxies: The Effects of Globular Cluster Mass Loss and the Stellar Initial Mass Function
The SLUGGS Survey: Breaking degeneracies between dark matter, anisotropy and the IMF using globular cluster subpopulations in the giant elliptical NGC 5846
How do galaxy properties (such as stellar mass, luminosity, star formation rate, and morphology) and their evolution depend on the mass of their host dark matter halo? Using the Galaxy and Mass Assembly (GAMA) group catalogue, we address this question by exploring the dependence on host halo mass of the luminosity function (LF) and stellar mass function (SMF) for grouped galaxies subdivided by colour, morphology and central/satellite. We find that spheroidal galaxies in particular dominate the bright and massive ends of the LF and SMF, respectively. More massive haloes host more massive and mo…