台阶式溢洪道掺气模型的改进
An improved air entrainment model for stepped spillways
摘要：
考虑了阶梯式溢洪道水流的数值模拟，重点是结合界面捕获和明确的空气夹带模型的高度经济的方法。在四个不同的佛汝德数，与选定的流量参数，以匹配现有的实验数据的溢洪道上进行模拟。首先，使用由Lopes等人开发的模型的实验（Int.J.Nonlin. Sci.，2017）进行。一个广泛的模拟活动是用来仔细评估模型的预测精度，各种模型参数的影响，以及对网格分辨率的敏感性。结果表明，至少对于阶梯式溢洪道的情况下，控制模型的参数的数量可以减少。该模型的一个关键缺陷是对网格分辨率的敏感性。为了提高该模型在这方面的性能，提出了修改的界面检测算法和运输方程的体积分数的夹带空气。使用改进的模型配方的模拟表明更好的协议与参考数据为所有考虑的流动条件。一个无参数的准则预测的起始点的空气卷吸也进行了测试。不幸的是，所考虑的传统湍流模型的准确性被证明不足以使该标准可靠地工作。
英文摘要：
Numerical modelling of flow in stepped spillways is considered, focusing on a highly economical approach combining interface capturing with explicit modelling of air entrainment. Simulations are performed on spillways at four different Froude numbers, with flow parameters selected to match available experimental data. First, experiments using the model developed by Lopes et al. (Int. J. Nonlin. Sci. Num., 2017) are conducted. An extensive simulation campaign is used to carefully evaluate the predictive accuracy of the model, the influence of various model parameters, and sensitivity to grid resolution. Results reveal that, at least for the case of stepped spillways, the number of parameters governing the model can be reduced. A crucial identified deficiency of the model is its sensitivity to grid resolution. To improve the performance of the model in this respect, modifications are proposed for the interface detection algorithm and the transport equation for the volume fraction of entrained air. Simulations using the improved model formulation demonstrate better agreement with reference data for all considered flow conditions. A parameter-free criterion for predicting the inception point of air entrainment is also tested. Unfortunately, the accuracy of the considered conventional turbulence models proved to be insufficient for the criterion to work reliably.
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