arXivDaily arXiv每日学术速递 周一至周五更新
arXiv 2009.04291astro-ph.EP
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热膨胀半径Anomaly的三种机制的证据

Evidence of Three Mechanisms Explaining the Radius Anomaly of Hot Jupiters

Paula Sarkis, Christoph Mordasini, Thomas Henning, Gabriel D. Marleau, Paul Mollière

摘要:

热行星的半径仍然没有被完全理解,所有提出的解释都是基于这些近距离的巨行星拥有热的内部的想法。我们采用统计方法来处理半径异常问题。我们推断了热彗星样本的内部光度,研究了它对内部结构的影响,并对哪种机制是主导机制提出了限制。我们开发了一个灵活和强大的分层贝叶斯模型,耦合系外行星的内部结构,其观察到的属性。我们将该模型应用于314颗热行星,并推断出每个行星的内部光度分布,并在人口水平上进行研究({ \it i})的质量-光度-半径分布,并作为平衡温度的函数,({ \it ii})加热效率,({ \it iii})内部温度,以及({ \it iv})辐射对流边界(RCB)的压力。我们发现,热彗星往往有高的内部光度导致热的内部。这对冷却速率有重要影响,我们发现RCB位于低压下。假设额外加热的最终来源是来自宿主星的辐射,我们说明了加热效率遵循高斯分布,与以前的结果一致。我们讨论了我们的研究结果的背景下提出的加热机制,并说明欧姆耗散,平流的潜在温度和热潮汐是在协议中推断出的某些趋势,从我们的分析,因此所有三个模型可以解释方面的意见。我们提供了新的见解的内部结构的热膨胀,并表明,与我们目前的知识,它仍然是具有挑战性的,以坚定地确定普遍的机制驱动膨胀半径。

英文摘要:

The radii of hot Jupiters are still not fully understood and all of the proposed explanations are based on the idea that these close-in giant planets possess hot interiors. We approach the radius anomaly problem by adopting a statistical approach. We infer the internal luminosity for the sample of hot Jupiters, study its effect on the interior structure, and put constraints on which mechanism is the dominant one. We develop a flexible and robust hierarchical Bayesian model that couples the interior structure of exoplanets to their observed properties. We apply the model to 314 hot Jupiters and infer the internal luminosity distribution for each planet and study at the population level ({\it i}) the mass-luminosity-radius distribution and as a function of equilibrium temperature the distributions of the ({\it ii}) heating efficiency, ({\it iii}) internal temperature, and the ({\it iv}) pressure of the radiative-convective-boundary (RCB). We find that hot Jupiters tend to have high internal luminosity leading to hot interiors. This has important consequences on the cooling rate and we find that the RCB is located at low pressures. Assuming that the ultimate source of the extra heating is the irradiation from the host star, we illustrate that the heating efficiency follows a Gaussian distribution, in agreement with previous results. We discuss our findings in the context of the proposed heating mechanisms and illustrate that ohmic dissipation, advection of potential temperature, and thermal tides are in agreement with certain trends inferred from our analysis and thus all three models can explain aspects of the observations. We provide new insights on the interior structure of hot Jupiters and show that with our current knowledge it is still challenging to firmly identify the universal mechanism driving the inflated radii.

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