利用最大纠缠量子比特增强量子密码的保真度
Enhancing Fidelity of Quantum Cryptography using Maximally Entangled Qubits
摘要：
如今，确保信息传输的安全至关重要。然而，随着强大的量子技术的快速发展，传统的密码技术每天都变得更容易受到攻击。在量子密码学领域，保护安全免受强大攻击的新技术正在慢慢出现。但现在重要的是密码学的保真度，因为如果不正确，具有巨大处理能力的安全性就没有多大价值。针对这个问题，我们提出了一种利用最大纠缠量子比特对来提高量子密码系统保真度的方法。为此，我们分别沿着由ibmqx4和ibmq_16_melbourne的所有量子位组成的路径创建了一个图形状态，并使用量子位对的负性测量来测量纠缠的强度。然后，使用具有最大纠缠的量子比特，我们将修改后的加密密钥发送给接收方。密钥在传输前通过置换和超密集编码进行修改。接收方恢复该过程并获得实际密钥。我们在IBM Quantum Experience项目中进行了完整的实验。我们的结果显示，加密和解密的保真度比随机选择量子位高15%到20%。
英文摘要：
Securing information transmission is critical today. However, with rapidly developing powerful quantum technologies, conventional cryptography techniques are becoming more prone to attacks each day. New techniques in the realm of quantum cryptography to preserve security against powerful attacks are slowly emerging. What is important though now is the fidelity of the cryptography, because security with massive processing power is not worth much if it is not correct. Focusing on this issue, we propose a method to enhance the fidelity of quantum cryptography using maximally entangled qubit pairs. For doing so, we created a graph state along a path consisting of all the qubits of ibmqx4 and ibmq_16_melbourne respectively and we measure the strength of the entanglement using negativity measurement of the qubit pairs. Then, using the qubits with maximal entanglement, we send the modified encryption key to the receiver. The key is modified by permutation and superdense coding before transmission. The receiver reverts the process and gets the actual key. We carried out the complete experiment in the IBM Quantum Experience project. Our result shows a 15% to 20% higher fidelity of encryption and decryption than a random selection of qubits.
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