研究热带太平洋浮游植物动力学尺度依赖性的低复杂性模式
Low complexity model to study scale dependence of phytoplankton dynamics in the tropical Pacific
摘要：
我们表明，一个简单的模型的基础上的反应-扩散-平流（RDA）方程迫使现实的表面速度和营养盐是熟练的再现在热带太平洋的表面浮游植物叶绿素的分布。我们使用低复杂度的RDA模型来研究不同驱动因素（湍流扩散，平均和涡动平流，初级生产力）对浮游植物叶绿素浓度的影响的尺度关系。我们发现在1/4°（~ 25 km）模式中，平流对初级生产力有很大的影响，而湍流扩散项的影响可以忽略不计。湍流扩散对浮游植物的变异性有影响，这种影响通过较大尺度的表面流进行尺度传播和放大。我们调查的表面营养盐下降和一些变化的中尺度涡动动能（气候变化预测）对表面浮游植物浓度的影响。RDA模型表明，除非中尺度涡旋发生根本性变化，否则浮游植物叶绿素与营养盐呈次线性关系，并且相对于营养盐浓度相对稳定。此外，我们探讨了白色乘性高斯噪声引入RDA模型在其分辨率尺度上跨空间尺度传播，通过非线性模型动力学下的浮游植物驱动程序的不同设置。这项工作的统一信息是，低复杂性（如RDA）模型可以成功地用于逼真地模拟海洋生态系统动力学的一些具体方面，通过使用这些模型，人们可以探索许多问题，将超出计算负担能力的高复杂性的生态系统模型。
英文摘要：
We demonstrate that a simple model based on reaction-diffusion-advection (RDA) equation forced by realistic surface velocities and nutrients is skilled in reproducing the distributions of the surface phytoplankton chlorophyll in the tropical Pacific. We use the low-complexity RDA model to investigate the scale-relationships in the impact of different drivers (turbulent diffusion, mean and eddy advection, primary productivity) on the phytoplankton chlorophyll concentrations. We find that in the 1/4° (~25km) model, advection has a substantial impact on the rate of primary productivity, whilst the turbulent diffusion term has a fairly negligible impact. Turbulent diffusion has an impact on the phytoplankton variability, with the impact being scale-propagated and amplified by the larger scale surface currents. We investigate the impact of a surface nutrient decline and some changes to mesoscale eddy kinetic energy (climate change projections) on the surface phytoplankton concentrations. The RDA model suggests that unless mesoscale eddies radically change, phytoplankton chlorophyll scales sub-linearly with the nutrients, and it is relatively stable with respect to the nutrient concentrations. Furthermore we explore how a white multiplicative Gaussian noise introduced into the RDA model on its resolution scale propagates across spatial scales through the non-linear model dynamics under different sets of phytoplankton drivers. The unifying message of this work is that the low complexity (e.g. RDA) models can be successfully used to realistically model some specific aspects of marine ecosystem dynamics and by using those models one can explore many questions that would be beyond computational affordability of the higher-complexity ecosystem models.
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