核-核碰撞中的小爆炸和飞秒新星
Little-Bang and Femto-Nova in Nucleus-Nucleus Collisions
摘要：
本文从理论和实验两个方面对热致密QCD物质的研究现状进行了综述。本文回顾了束流能量扫描（Beam Energy Scan）程序在QCD相图中的应用，并介绍了QCD临界点、重子密度区粒子产生、超核产生以及核-核碰撞中全局极化效应的研究现状。奇异区的实验数据表明，高能碰撞下热模型中的巨正则态向低能正则系综态过渡。我们进一步讨论了未来的核碰撞探测重子丰富的物质的性质的前景。在高温和低重子密度下产生的夸克-胶子等离子体被称为“小爆炸”，类似地，在较低碰撞能量下富含重子的物质的飞秒级爆炸可以被称为“飞秒新星”，其可能维持非迎面碰撞的大量涡度和磁场。
英文摘要：
We make a theoretical and experimental summary of the state-of-the-art status of hot and dense QCD matter studies on selected topics. We review the Beam Energy Scan program for the QCD phase diagram and present the current status of search for QCD Critical Point, particle production in high baryon density region, hypernuclei production, and global polarization effects in nucleus-nucleus collisions. The available experimental data in the strangeness sector suggests that a grand canonical approach in thermal model at high collision energy makes a transition to the canonical ensemble behavior at low energy. We further discuss future prospects of nuclear collisions to probe properties of baryon-rich matter. Creation of a quark-gluon plasma at high temperature and low baryon density has been called the "Little-Bang" and, analogously, a femtometer-scale explosion of baryon-rich matter at lower collision energy could be called the "Femto-Nova", which may possibly sustain substantial vorticity and magnetic field for non-head-on collisions.
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