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arXiv 2009.02664math.COcs.CC
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图的强彩虹不连通性

Strong rainbow disconnection in graphs

Xuqing Bai, Xueliang Li

摘要:

设$G$是一个非平凡边着色连通图.如果$R$的任何两条边都不是用相同的颜色着色,则$G$的边切割$R$称为{ \it彩虹边切割}。对于$G$的两个不同顶点$u$和$v$,如果边切割将它们分开,则边切割称为{ \it $u$ - $v$ -edge-cut}。一个边着色图$G$称为\emph{strong rainbow disconnected},如果对于$G$的每两个不同的顶点$u$和$v$,都存在彩虹图和最小边割图$u$ - $v$(简称{ \it彩虹最小值$u$ - $v$ -edge-cut})在$G$中,将它们分开,这种边着色称为$G$的{ \it强彩虹断开着色}(简称srd-{ \it着色})。对于连通图$G$,$G$的\emph{strong rainbow disconnection number}(简称为srd-{ \it number}),记为$\textnormal{srd}(G)$,是使$G$强彩虹不连通所需的最小颜色数。本文首先刻画了具有$m$边的图,使得对每个$k \in \{1,2,m\}$都有$\textnormal{srd}(G)=k$,并且证明了非平凡连通图$G$的srd-数等于$G$的块中的最大srd-数.其次,我们研究了完全$k$ -部图、$k$ -边连通$k$ -正则图和格图的srd-数。最后,我们证明了对于连通图$G$,计算$\textnormal{srd}(G)$是NP-困难的。特别是,我们证明了它已经是NP-完全的决定,如果$\textnormal{srd}(G)=3$的连通三次图。此外,我们证明了对于一个给定的边着色(具有无限数量的颜色)连通图$G$,它是NP-完全决定是否$G$强彩虹不连通。

英文摘要:

Let $G$ be a nontrivial edge-colored connected graph. An edge-cut $R$ of $G$ is called a {\it rainbow edge-cut} if no two edges of $R$ are colored with the same color. For two distinct vertices $u$ and $v$ of $G$, if an edge-cut separates them, then the edge-cut is called a {\it $u$-$v$-edge-cut}. An edge-colored graph $G$ is called \emph{strong rainbow disconnected} if for every two distinct vertices $u$ and $v$ of $G$, there exists a both rainbow and minimum $u$-$v$-edge-cut ({\it rainbow minimum $u$-$v$-edge-cut} for short) in $G$, separating them, and this edge-coloring is called a {\it strong rainbow disconnection coloring} (srd-{\it coloring} for short) of $G$. For a connected graph $G$, the \emph{strong rainbow disconnection number} (srd-{\it number} for short) of $G$, denoted by $\textnormal{srd}(G)$, is the smallest number of colors that are needed in order to make $G$ strong rainbow disconnected. In this paper, we first characterize the graphs with $m$ edges such that $\textnormal{srd}(G)=k$ for each $k \in \{1,2,m\}$, respectively, and we also show that the srd-number of a nontrivial connected graph $G$ equals the maximum srd-number among the blocks of $G$. Secondly, we study the srd-numbers for the complete $k$-partite graphs, $k$-edge-connected $k$-regular graphs and grid graphs. Finally, we show that for a connected graph $G$, to compute $\textnormal{srd}(G)$ is NP-hard. In particular, we show that it is already NP-complete to decide if $\textnormal{srd}(G)=3$ for a connected cubic graph. Moreover, we show that for a given edge-colored (with an unbounded number of colors) connected graph $G$ it is NP-complete to decide whether $G$ is strong rainbow disconnected.

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