Wide-area imaging surveys are one of the key ways of advancing our understanding of cosmology, galaxy formation physics, and the large-scale structure of the Universe in the coming years. These surveys typically require calculating redshifts for huge numbers (hundreds of millions to billions) of galaxies - almost all of which must be derived from photometry rather than spectroscopy. In this paper we investigate how using statistical models to understand the populations that make up the colour-magnitude distribution of galaxies can be combined with machine learning photometric redshift codes to improve redshift estimates. In particular we combine the use of Gaussian Mixture Models with the high performing machine learning photo-z algorithm GPz and show that modelling and accounting for the different colour-magnitude distributions of training and test data separately can give improved redshift estimates, reduce the bias on estimates by up to a half, and speed up the run-time of the algorithm. These methods are illustrated using data from deep optical and near infrared data in two separate deep fields, where training and test data of different colour-magnitude distributions are constructed from the galaxies with known spectroscopic redshifts, derived from several heterogeneous surveys.
Revealing new high redshift quasar populations through Gaussian mixture model selection
提出了一种从大面积光学/红外光度测量中识别候选高红移类星体(HzQs;($z\gtrsim5.5$))的新方法,这些类星体是早期宇宙中超大质量黑洞生长的独特探针.使用高斯混合模型来构建似然性,并结合基于人口统计的知情先验,我们的方法使用贝叶斯框架来分配区分HzQs和污染源的后验概率。我们还包括深层无线电数据,以获得知情的先验。使用现有的HzQ数据在文献中,我们设置了一个后阈值,接受${\sim}90\%$已知的HzQs,而拒绝$>99\%$的污染物,如矮星或较低的红移星系。运行模拟HzQs和污染物的测试样本的概率选择,我们发现,概率方法的效率高于传统的颜色切割,减少了86%的接受的污染物的分数,同时保留了类似的分数HzQs。作为一个测试,我们应用我们的方法,泛星数据发布1(PS1)源目录内的HETDEX春天领域的天空,覆盖400平方米。°的与LOFAR两米巡天数据发布1(LoTSS DR 1)的深层无线电数据相吻合。从PS1中的${\sim}5\times10^5$源的初始样本,我们的选择入围251个候选HzQ,在目视检查后进一步减少到63个。对13个高概率HzQs的浅层光谱跟踪证实了$z=5.66$上一个以前未被发现的类星体,其光度颜色为$i-z = 1.4$,位于根据颜色选择HzQs时通常探测的区域之外。这一发现证明了我们的概率HzQ选择方法在选择更完整的HzQ样本方面的有效性…
Improved photometric redshift estimations through self-organising map-based data augmentation
University of Edinburgh(爱丁堡大学);Leiden University(莱顿大学);Rutgers, The State University of New Jersey(新泽西州立罗格斯大学);Newcastle University(纽卡斯尔大学);Carnegie Mellon University(卡内基梅隆大学)
A comprehensive Gaia DR3 study of the open cluster NGC 6134: Bayesian distances, present-day mass function, mass segregation, and structural decomposition
Institut Teknologi Bandung(万隆理工学院);Ibaraki University(茨城大学)
The Limits of Photometric Dynamics: Benchmarking Cluster Relaxation Diagnostics
Universidade Estadual de Santa Cruz(圣卡洛斯州立大学);National Astronomical Observatories, Chinese Academy of Sciences(中国科学院国家天文台);Instituto de Astronomia, Geociências e Ciências Atmosféricas, Universidade de São Paulo(圣保罗大学天文学、地球科学与大气科学研究所)
Photometric redshifts for the S-PLUS Survey: is machine learning up to the task?
南方光度局部宇宙巡天(Southern Photometric Local Universe Survey,S-PLUS)是一个新项目,旨在使用12个滤光片系统绘制南半球的地图,该系统包括5个类似SDSS的宽带滤光片和7个针对局部宇宙中重要恒星特征进行优化的窄带滤光片。在本文中,我们使用测光和形态信息的第一个S-PLUS数据发布(S-PLUS DR 1)交叉匹配unWISE数据和光谱红移从斯隆数字巡天DR 15。我们探索了三种不同的机器学习方法(使用GPz的高斯过程和使用TensorFlow制作的两个深度学习模型),并将它们与S-PLUS DR 1中当前使用的模板拟合方法进行比较,以解决机器学习方法是否可以利用十二个过滤器系统进行光度红移预测。使用单点估计的准确性测试,例如散点、偏倚和离群值分数的计算,以及概率分布函数(PDF),例如概率积分变换(PIT)、连续排序概率得分(CRPS)和赔率分布,我们得出结论,一个深-使用贝叶斯神经网络和混合密度网络相结合的学习方法为当前测试样本提供了最准确的光度红移。它实现了单点光度红移与散射($σ_\text{NMAD}$)为0.023,归一化偏差为-0.001,0.64%的异常分数与r-自动星等之间的星系16和21。
VAR-PZnn: A machine-learning framework for AGN photometric redshifts using color and variability-based features
Universidad Andrés Bello(安德斯·贝略大学);Universidad Diego Portales(迭戈·波特莱斯大学);European Southern Observatory(欧洲南方天文台);Max-Planck-Institut für extraterrestrische Physik(马克斯·普朗克地外物理研究所);Universidad de Valparaíso(瓦尔帕莱索大学);Millennium Nucleus on Transversal Research and Technology to Explore Supermassive Black Holes (TITANS)(探索超大质量黑洞横向研究与技术千年核(TITANS));Wayne State University(韦恩州立大学)