神经束形态对神经损伤评估的影响
Effects of nerve bundle geometry on neurotrauma evaluation
摘要：
目的：我们证实，神经元结构的改变可以诱导神经系统的信号传播异常，如在脑损伤中观察到的。在这里，我们调查的影响，几何形状的变化和损伤的神经元结构在2缩放神经束模型，有髓神经纤维或无髓神经纤维。研究方法：我们提出了一个三维有限元模型的神经束，结合实时全机电耦合，调制阈值尖峰激活，和独立的改变每个纤维的电特性。然后，我们模拟机械压缩和拉伸，以诱导由4根纤维组成的神经束膜的损伤。我们通过依次考虑完整的和创伤的神经膜的情况来检查应变和神经活动的变化。结果如下：我们的研究结果表明，较低的应变和较低的电生理损伤的无髓纤维比有髓纤维，更高的变形水平较大的束，和更高的电生理损伤较小的束。结论：我们的结论是，髓鞘的绝缘鞘收缩膜变形和分散束内的塑性应变，较大的束变形比小束，和小纤维容忍更高水平的机械故障前的伸长率。
英文摘要：
Objective: We confirm that alteration of a neuron structure can induce abnormalities in signal propagation for nervous systems, as observed in brain damage. Here, we investigate the effects of geometrical changes and damage of a neuron structure in 2 scaled nerve bundle models, made of myelinated nerve fibers or unmyelinated nerve fibers. Methods: We propose a 3D finite element model of nerve bundles, combining a real-time full electromechanical coupling, a modulated threshold for spiking activation, and independent alteration of the electrical properties for each fiber. We then simulate mechanical compression and tension to induce damage at the membrane of a nerve bundle made of 4 fibers. We examine the resulting changes in strain and neural activity by considering in turn the cases of intact and traumatized nerve membranes. Results: Our results show lower strain and lower electrophysiological impairments in unmyelinated fibers than in myelinated fibers, higher deformation levels in larger bundles, and higher electrophysiological impairments in smaller bundles. Conclusion: We conclude that the insulation sheath of myelin constricts the membrane deformation and scatters plastic strains within the bundle, that larger bundles deform more than small bundles, and that small fibers tolerate a higher level of elongation before mechanical failure.
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