For screening, 3D shape of the eye retina often provides structural information and can assist ophthalmologists to diagnose diseases. However, fundus images which are one the most common screening modalities for retina diagnosis lack this information due to their 2D nature. Hence, in this work, we try to infer about this 3D information or more specifically its heights. Recent approaches have used shading information for reconstructing the heights but their output is not accurate since the utilized information is not sufficient. Additionally, other methods were dependent on the availability of more than one image of the eye which is not available in practice. In this paper, motivated by the success of Conditional Generative Adversarial Networks(cGANs) and deeply supervised networks, we propose a novel architecture for the generator which enhances the details in a sequence of steps. Comparisons on our dataset illustrate that the proposed method outperforms all of the state-of-the-art methods in image translation and medical image translation on this particular task. Additionally, clinical studies also indicate that the proposed method can provide additional information for ophthalmologists for diagnosis.
Age related macular degeneration (AMD) is one of the major causes for blindness in the elderly population. In this report, we propose deep learning based methods for retinal analysis using color fundus images for computer aided diagnosis of AMD. We leverage the recent state of the art deep networks for building a single fundus image based AMD classification pipeline. We also propose methods for the other directly relevant and auxiliary tasks such as lesions detection and segmentation, fovea detection and optic disc segmentation. We propose the use of generative adversarial networks (GANs) for …
University of Tehran（德黑兰大学）；Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences（沙希德·贝赫什提医科大学）；Research Institute for Ophthalmology and Vision Science（眼科与视觉科学研究所）
For medical diagnosis based on retinal images, a clear understanding of 3D structure is often required but due to the 2D nature of images captured, we cannot infer that information. However, by utilizing 3D reconstruction methods, we can recover the height information of the macula area on a fundus image which can be helpful for diagnosis and screening of macular disorders. Recent approaches have used shading information for heightmap prediction but their output was not accurate since they ignored the dependency between nearby pixels and only utilized shading information. Additionally, other m…
Sun Yat-sen University（中山大学）；Baidu Inc.（百度公司）；Agency for Science, Technology and Research（新加坡科技研究局）；CONICET（国家科学技术研究委员会）；Medical University of Vienna（维也纳医科大学）；VUNO Inc.（VUNO公司）；Inserm（法国国家健康与医学研究院）；Univ Bretagne Occidentale（西布列塔尼大学）；Zasti（Zasti公司）
Age-related macular degeneration (AMD) is the leading cause of visual impairment among elderly in the world. Early detection of AMD is of great importance, as the vision loss caused by this disease is irreversible and permanent. Color fundus photography is the most cost-effective imaging modality to screen for retinal disorders. Cutting edge deep learning based algorithms have been recently developed for automatically detecting AMD from fundus images. However, there are still lack of a comprehensive annotated dataset and standard evaluation benchmarks. To deal with this issue, we set up the Au…
University of California, Berkeley（加利福尼亚大学伯克利分校）；International Computer Science Institute（国际计算机科学研究所）；University of California, Davis（加利福尼亚大学戴维斯分校）
Many diseases are classified based on human-defined rubrics that are prone to bias. Supervised neural networks can automate the grading of retinal fundus images, but require labor-intensive annotations and are restricted to the specific trained task. Here, we employed an unsupervised network with Non-Parametric Instance Discrimination (NPID) to grade age-related macular degeneration (AMD) severity using fundus photographs from the Age-Related Eye Disease Study (AREDS). Our unsupervised algorithm demonstrated versatility across different AMD classification schemes without retraining, and achiev…
Renmin University of China（中国人民大学）；Visionary Intelligence Ltd.（远见智能有限公司）；Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences（中国医学科学院）；Peking Union Medical College Hospital（北京协和医院）
This paper tackles automated categorization of Age-related Macular Degeneration (AMD), a common macular disease among people over 50. Previous research efforts mainly focus on AMD categorization with a single-modal input, let it be a color fundus photograph (CFP) or an OCT B-scan image. By contrast, we consider AMD categorization given a multi-modal input, a direction that is clinically meaningful yet mostly unexplored. Contrary to the prior art that takes a traditional approach of feature extraction plus classifier training that cannot be jointly optimized, we opt for end-to-end multi-modal C…
Kaunas University of Technology（考纳斯理工大学）；Lithuanian University of Health Sciences（立陶宛健康科学大学）
This work aims to research an automatic method for detecting Age-related Macular Degeneration (AMD) lesions in RGB eye fundus images. For this, we align invasively obtained eye fundus contrast images (the "golden standard" diagnostic) to the RGB ones and use them to hand-annotate the lesions. This is done using our custom-made tool. Using the data, we train and test five different convolutional neural networks: a custom one to classify healthy and AMD-affected eye fundi, and four well-known networks: ResNet50, ResNet101, MobileNetV3, and UNet to segment (localize) the AMD lesions in the affect…
Multiscale Color Guided Attention Ensemble Classifier for Age-Related Macular Degeneration using Concurrent Fundus and Optical Coherence Tomography Images
Indian Institute of Technology Kharagpur（印度理工学院卡拉格普尔分校）；School of Medical Science and Technology, Indian Institute of Technology Kharagpur（印度理工学院卡拉格普尔分校医学科学与技术学院）；Department of Mathematics, Indian Institute of Technology Kharagpur（印度理工学院卡拉格普尔分校数学系）
Multiscale Softmax Cross Entropy for Fovea Localization on Color Fundus Photography
Institute of Imaging and Computer Vision, RWTH Aachen, Germany（成像与计算机视觉研究所，RWTH亚琛，德国）；Department of Ophthalmology, RWTH Aachen, Germany（眼科部门，RWTH亚琛，德国）
Fundus photography (FP) remains the primary imaging modality in screening various retinal diseases including age-related macular degeneration, diabetic retinopathy and glaucoma. FP allows the clinician to examine the ocular fundus structures such as the macula, the optic disc (OD) and retinal vessels, whose visibility and clarity in an FP image remain central to ensuring diagnostic accuracy, and hence determine the diagnostic quality (DQ). Images with low DQ, resulting from eye movement, improper illumination and other possible causes, should obviously be recaptured. However, the technician, o…
Universidade da Coruña（拉科鲁尼亚大学）；Instituto de Investigación Biomédica de A Coruña (INIBIC)（拉科鲁尼亚生物医学研究所）；Hospital Clínico San Carlos（圣卡洛斯临床医院）；Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria (IdISSC)（圣卡洛斯健康研究所）；Centro Internacional de Oftalmología Avanzada（国际高级眼科中心）
Age-related macular degeneration (AMD) is a degenerative disorder affecting the macula, a key area of the retina for visual acuity. Nowadays, it is the most frequent cause of blindness in developed countries. Although some promising treatments have been developed, their effectiveness is low in advanced stages. This emphasizes the importance of large-scale screening programs. Nevertheless, implementing such programs for AMD is usually unfeasible, since the population at risk is large and the diagnosis is challenging. All this motivates the development of automatic methods. In this sense, severa…
Faculty of Informatics, Kaunas University of Technology（信息学院，卡斯图技术大学）
Age-related macular degeneration (AMD) is one of the leading causes of irreversible vision impairment in people over the age of 60. This research focuses on semantic segmentation for AMD lesion detection in RGB fundus images, a non-invasive and cost-effective imaging technique. The results of the ADAM challenge - the most comprehensive AMD detection from RGB fundus images research competition and open dataset to date - serve as a benchmark for our evaluation. Taking the U-Net connectivity as a base of our framework, we evaluate and compare several approaches to improve the segmentation model's…
Explainable Convolutional Neural Networks for Retinal Fundus Classification and Cutting-Edge Segmentation Models for Retinal Blood Vessels from Fundus Images
Ahsanullah University of Science and Technology（阿萨努拉科技大学）
Two-Stream CNN with Loose Pair Training for Multi-modal AMD Categorization
Renmin University of China（中国人民大学）；Visionary Intelligence Ltd.（远景智能有限公司）；Peking Union Medical College Hospital（北京协和医院）；Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences（中国医学科学院）
University of California, Santa Barbara（加利福尼亚大学圣巴巴拉分校）
Fundus photography has routinely been used to document the presence and severity of retinal degenerative diseases such as age-related macular degeneration (AMD), glaucoma, and diabetic retinopathy (DR) in clinical practice, for which the fovea and optic disc (OD) are important retinal landmarks. However, the occurrence of lesions, drusen, and other retinal abnormalities during retinal degeneration severely complicates automatic landmark detection and segmentation. Here we propose HBA-U-Net: a U-Net backbone enriched with hierarchical bottleneck attention. The network consists of a novel bottle…
Automatic segmentation of retina vessels plays a pivotal role in clinical diagnosis of prevalent eye diseases, such as, Diabetic Retinopathy or Age-related Macular Degeneration. Due to the complex construction of blood vessels, with drastically varying thicknesses, accurate vessel segmentation can be quite a challenging task. In this work we show that it is possible to achieve near state-of-the-art performance, by crafting a careful thought pre-processing pipeline, without having to resort to complex networks and/or training routines. We also show that our model is able to maintain the same hi…
University of Liverpool（利物浦大学）；Royal Liverpool University Hospital（皇家利物浦大学医院）
Prognostic models aim to predict the future course of a disease or condition and are a vital component of personalized medicine. Statistical models make use of longitudinal data to capture the temporal aspect of disease progression; however, these models require prior feature extraction. Deep learning avoids explicit feature extraction, meaning we can develop models for images where features are either unknown or impossible to quantify accurately. Previous prognostic models using deep learning with imaging data require annotation during training or only utilize a single time point. We propose …
A Deep Convolutional Neural Network-Based Novel Class Balancing for Imbalance Data Segmentation
Department of Computer Science, COMSATS University Islambad, Lahore Campus, Pakistan（计算机科学系，卡姆斯大学伊斯法罕，拉合尔校区，巴基斯坦）；Hamad Medical Corporation, Qatar（卡塔尔哈马姆医疗集团）；University of Stirling, UK（斯特林大学，英国）
Benchmarking Retinal Blood Vessel Segmentation Models for Cross-Dataset and Cross-Disease Generalization
University of Ibadan（伊巴丹大学）；African Institute for Mathematical Sciences（非洲数学科学研究所）；Hertie Institute for AI in Brain Health（赫蒂脑健康人工智能研究所）；University of Tübingen（蒂宾根大学）；University of Bern（伯尔尼大学）；University College London（伦敦大学学院）；Tübingen AI Center（蒂宾根人工智能中心）
