平等的伙伴在防御性联盟中做得更好
Equal partners do better in defensive alliances
摘要：
循环优势不仅提供了一种保持生物多样性的方法，而且还可以作为一种防御联盟来抵御外部入侵者。有趣的是，当存在两个环状环时，可以观察到新的竞争水平。在这里，内部入侵速度对进化结果起着决定性的作用，因为更快的入侵速度为联盟提供了进化优势。在这封信中，我们证明了内部入侵率的异质性使得联盟容易受到群体成员平等的循环的影响。令人惊讶的是，一个循环的入侵率是均匀的仍然可以主导联盟形成的异质率，即使平均入侵速度是显着更高的后一组。在特定的参数空间范围内，当种群间入侵或平均内部入侵较弱时，可能会出现内部入侵速度较快的异质联盟，或者系统终止于一个新的4-或5-种群解.
英文摘要：
Cyclic dominance offers not just a way to maintain biodiversity, but also serves as a sort of defensive alliance against an external invader. Interestingly, a new level of competition can be observed when two cyclic loops are present. Here the inner invasion speed plays a decisive role on the evolutionary outcome, because faster invasion rate provides an evolutionary advantage to an alliance. In this Letter we demonstrate that the heterogeneity of inner invasion rates makes an alliance vulnerable against a loop where group members are equal. Quite surprisingly, a loop where invasion rates are uniform can still dominate an alliance formed by heteregeneous rates even if the average speed of invasion is significantly higher in the latter group. At a specific range of parameter space, when intergroup invasion or the average inner invasion is moderate, the heterogeneous alliance with higher internal invasion speed may prevail, or the system terminates onto a novel 4- or 5-species solution.
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