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arXiv 2008.13773cs.LGstat.ML
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超越方差减少:了解基线对政策优化的真正影响

Beyond variance reduction: Understanding the true impact of baselines on policy optimization

Mila, McGill University(米拉研究所,麦吉尔大学);Mila, University of Montreal(米拉研究所,蒙特利尔大学);Google Research, Brain Team(谷歌研究院,大脑团队);Google DeepMind(谷歌DeepMind)

Wesley Chung, Valentin Thomas, Marlos C. Machado, Nicolas Le Roux

摘要:

Bandit和强化学习(RL)问题通常可以被定义为优化问题,其目标是最大化平均性能,同时只能访问真实梯度的随机估计。传统上,随机优化理论预测,学习动态由损失函数的曲率和梯度估计的噪声决定。在本文中,我们证明,这是不是强盗和RL问题的情况。为了使我们的分析能够根据多步MDP进行解释,我们专注于从随机优化原理(例如,自然的策略梯度和EXP3),我们表明,一些标准的假设,从优化理论违反了这些问题。我们目前的理论结果表明,至少对于强盗问题,曲率和噪声是不足以解释的学习动态和看似无害的选择,如基线可以确定算法是否收敛。这些理论研究结果与我们的实证评估相匹配,我们将其扩展到多州MDP。

英文摘要:

Bandit and reinforcement learning (RL) problems can often be framed as optimization problems where the goal is to maximize average performance while having access only to stochastic estimates of the true gradient. Traditionally, stochastic optimization theory predicts that learning dynamics are governed by the curvature of the loss function and the noise of the gradient estimates. In this paper we demonstrate that this is not the case for bandit and RL problems. To allow our analysis to be interpreted in light of multi-step MDPs, we focus on techniques derived from stochastic optimization principles (e.g., natural policy gradient and EXP3) and we show that some standard assumptions from optimization theory are violated in these problems. We present theoretical results showing that, at least for bandit problems, curvature and noise are not sufficient to explain the learning dynamics and that seemingly innocuous choices like the baseline can determine whether an algorithm converges. These theoretical findings match our empirical evaluation, which we extend to multi-state MDPs.

机构、总结、中文摘要均由AI分析而来,可能存在错误,请以论文正文为准。

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