arXivDaily arXiv每日学术速递 周一至周五更新
arXiv 2008.13502astro-ph.GA
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云形成过程中的原子和分子气体性质

Atomic and molecular gas properties during cloud formation

J. Syed, Y. Wang, H. Beuther, J. D. Soler, M. R. Rugel, J. Ott, A. Brunthaler, J. Kerp, M. Heyer, R. S. Klessen, Th. Henning, S. C. O. Glover, P. F. Goldsmith, … 展开作者

J. Syed, Y. Wang, H. Beuther, J. D. Soler, M. R. Rugel, J. Ott, A. Brunthaler, J. Kerp, M. Heyer, R. S. Klessen, Th. Henning, S. C. O. Glover, P. F. Goldsmith, H. Linz, J. S. Urquhart, S. E. Ragan, K. G. Johnston, F. Bigiel

摘要:

分子云是恒星诞生地的港湾,形成于星际介质(ISM)的原子相。我们的目标是表征ISM的原子和分子相,并将它们的物理性质设置为云形成过程的背景。我们用$\rm HI$自吸收(HISA)方法对巨分子丝GMF 20.0 -17.9进行了冷中性介质(CNM)的研究,并与用$^{13}\rm CO$发射示踪的分子气体的结果进行了比较。我们使用一阶和二阶多项式函数将HISA特征的基线拟合到$\rm HI$发射光谱。通过这种方法确定的CNM在空间上与分子气体朝向西部区域的形态相关。然而,HISA和$^{13}\rm CO$之间没有明显的空间相关性,朝向暗条的东部。HISA峰速度和线宽的分布与$^{13}\rm CO$在整个纤维中的分布一致。HISA(CNM)和$\rm HI$发射(追踪CNM和暖中性介质WNM)的列密度概率密度函数(N-PDF)对于暗条的所有部分都具有对数正态形状,表明湍流运动是这些结构的主要驱动力。$\rm H_2$ N-PDF显示了一个广泛的对数正态分布,具有幂律尾部,表明引力收缩的开始。在$\sim$ 25 $\rm\,M_{\odot}\,pc^{-2}$下观察到$\rm HI$柱密度饱和。我们推测,不同的进化阶段是明显的内丝。在东部地区,我们见证了原子气体库中分子云形成的开始,而西部地区则更加演化,因为它揭示了明显的$\rm H_2$柱密度峰值和活跃恒星形成的迹象。

英文摘要:

Molecular clouds, which harbor the birthplaces of stars, form out of the atomic phase of the interstellar medium (ISM). We aim to characterize the atomic and molecular phases of the ISM and set their physical properties into the context of cloud formation processes. We studied the cold neutral medium (CNM) by means of $\rm HI$ self-absorption (HISA) toward the giant molecular filament GMF20.0-17.9 and compared our results with molecular gas traced by $^{13}\rm CO$ emission. We fitted baselines of HISA features to $\rm HI$ emission spectra using first and second order polynomial functions. The CNM identified by this method spatially correlates with the morphology of the molecular gas toward the western region. However, no spatial correlation between HISA and $^{13}\rm CO$ is evident toward the eastern part of the filament. The distribution of HISA peak velocities and line widths agrees well with $^{13}\rm CO$ within the whole filament. The column density probability density functions (N-PDFs) of HISA (CNM) and $\rm HI$ emission (tracing both the CNM and the warm neutral medium, WNM) have a log-normal shape for all parts of the filament, indicative of turbulent motions as the main driver for these structures. The $\rm H_2$ N-PDFs show a broad log-normal distribution with a power-law tail suggesting the onset of gravitational contraction. The saturation of $\rm HI$ column density is observed at $\sim$25$\rm\,M_{\odot}\,pc^{-2}$. We conjecture that different evolutionary stages are evident within the filament. In the eastern region, we witness the onset of molecular cloud formation out of the atomic gas reservoir while the western part is more evolved, as it reveals pronounced $\rm H_2$ column density peaks and signs of active star formation.

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