光锥内部的标量和矢量尾辐射
Scalar and vector tail radiation from the interior of the lightcone
摘要：
在一般时空中，无质量场不仅在光源的前向光锥表面传播，而且在其内部传播。这种光锥内部的“尾辐射”通常被描述为从时空曲率“散射”出来。在这项工作中，我们研究了这样的尾部辐射的传播紧凑，静态，球对称的弱场（即低密度）的质量分布，是远离源和观测者之间的视线（LOS），这是耦合到辐射的引力。对于这样的扰动，在观测到的辐射中有四个不同的时期：光锥部分;随后的早期时间尾巴-结束于以光速移动的信号可以从源到扰动器中的一个点再到观察者的第一时间;随后的中期时间尾巴;和晚期时间尾巴，开始于信号可以进行这样的旅程的最后一次。对于无质量标量和矢量（例如，电磁辐射），我们重新审视了以前研究的早期和晚期尾部，并进行了第一次全面检查的中期尾部。研究较短的波长和一般的扰动远离LOS，我们发现，晚时间的尾巴携带的能量的一小部分，由观察者收到的，但是，总的中间时间的尾巴包含更多的能量。我们还注意到，虽然中间时间的尾巴似乎是从观测者发出的扰动-正如人们可能期望的辐射“散射”从引力扰动-晚时间的尾巴似乎从源头回来。我们推测这个中间的时间尾巴的潜在效用，用于检测或探测各种各样的扰动的时空几何形状，包括暗物质候选人和暗物质晕。
英文摘要：
In a generic spacetime a massless field propagates not just on the surface of the forward lightcone of a source, but in its interior. This inside-the-lightcone "tail radiation" is often described as having "scattered" off the spacetime curvature. In this work, we study the propagation of such tail radiation for a compact, static, spherically symmetric weak-field (i.e. low density) mass distribution that is well off the line-of-sight (LOS) between a source and an observer, and that is coupled to the radiation only gravitationally. For such perturbers, there are four distinct epochs in the observed radiation: the light-cone piece; the subsequent early-time tail -- ending at the first time that a signal moving at the speed of light could travel from the source to a point in the perturber thence to the observer; the subsequent middle-time tail; and the late-time tail, beginning at the last time that a signal could make such a journey. For massless scalar and vector (eg. electromagnetic radiation), we revisit the previously studied early and late-time tail, and perform the first full examination of the middle-time tail. Studying shorter wavelengths and generic perturbers well off the LOS, we find that the late-time tail carries a small fraction of the energy received by the observer; however, the total middle-time tail contains much more energy. We also note that whereas the middle-time tail appears to the observer to emanate from the perturber -- as one might expect for radiation "scattered" from the gravitational perturbation -- the late-time tail appears to come back from the source. We speculate on the potential utility of this middle-time tail for detecting or probing a wide variety of perturbations to the spacetime geometry including dark matter candidates and dark matter halos.
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