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arXiv 2008.12845cs.NI
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低功耗广域网设计

Low-Power Wide-Area Network Design

Mahbubur Rahman

摘要:

LPWAN是一种用于长距离、低功耗和低成本物联网/CPS应用的技术。最近,已经开发了多种LPWAN技术,其在许可的(例如,5G)和ISM(例如,LoRa)带。为了避免ISM频段的拥挤和许可频段的成本,我们提出了一种新的LPWAN称为传感器网络的空白空间(SNOW)利用电视空白空间。具体而言,我们设计,开发和实验SNOW,它具有高度可扩展性,节能性,并且具有较长的通信范围。SNOW实现了可扩展性和能源效率,使并发数据包接收在BS使用单个无线电从众多传感器和并发数据包传输到众多传感器从BS使用单个无线电,同时,我们提出了一个分布式实现OFDM。为了使低成本和可扩展的SNOW部署在实际应用中,我们实现SNOW使用低成本和小尺寸的COTS设备,其中我们解决多个实际的挑战,包括高峰均功率比,信道状态估计,和载波偏移估计。此外,我们提出了一个自适应传输功率协议来处理远近功率问题。为了能够连接数百公里上的数万个节点,我们进一步提出了一种称为SNOW树的网络架构,通过无缝集成多个SNOW,其中它们形成树结构,并在相同的管理/控制下。我们解决内和间的雪干扰制定一个约束优化问题,称为可扩展性优化问题(SOP),其目标是通过管理跨雪频谱共享,以最大限度地提高可扩展性。通过证明SOP问题的NP难性,提出了两种多项式时间的求解方法:贪婪启发式算法和1/2-近似算法。

英文摘要:

LPWAN is an enabling technology for long-range, low-power, and low-cost IoT/CPS applications. Recently, multiple LPWAN technologies have been developed that operate in the licensed (e.g., 5G) and ISM (e.g., LoRa) bands. To avoid the crowd in the ISM band and the cost of the licensed band, we propose a novel LPWAN called Sensor Network Over White Spaces (SNOW) by utilizing the TV white spaces. Specifically, we design, develop, and experiment SNOW, which is highly scalable, energy-efficient, and has a long communication range. SNOW achieves scalability and energy efficiency by enabling concurrent packets reception at a BS using a single radio from numerous sensors and concurrent packets transmission to numerous sensors from the BS using a single radio, simultaneously, which we achieve by proposing a distributed implementation of OFDM. To enable the low-cost and scalable SNOW deployment in practical applications, we implement SNOW using the low-cost and small form-factored COTS devices, where we address multiple practical challenges including the high peak-to-average power ratio, channel state estimation, and carrier offset estimation. Also, we propose an adaptive transmission power protocol to handle the near-far power problem. To enable connecting tens of thousands of nodes over hundreds of kilometers, we further propose a network architecture called SNOW-tree through a seamless integration of multiple SNOWs where they form a tree structure and are under the same management/control. We address the intra- and inter-SNOW interferences by formulating a constrained optimization problem called the scalability optimization problem (SOP) whose objective is to maximize scalability by managing the spectrum sharing across the SNOWs. By proving the NP-hardness of SOP, we then propose two polynomial-time methods to solve it: a greedy heuristic algorithm and a 1/2-approximation algorithm.

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