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arXiv 2008.11242astro-ph.EP
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逆行木星特洛伊的动力学起源及其与高倾角TNO的联系

On the Dynamical Origins of Retrograde Jupiter Trojans and their Connection to High-Inclination TNOs

Tobias Köhne, Konstantin Batygin

摘要:

在过去的十年中,对高度倾斜(轨道倾角i > 60°)的海王星外天体(TNO)的观测对当前的太阳系形成模型提出了重要挑战(Levison等人,2008年; Nesvornstrom,2015年)。这些引人注目的小行星需要存在一个遥远的强面外TNO储存库,这本身需要一些动力学产生机制(Gladman et al. 2009; Gomes et al. 2015; Batygin and Brown 2016)。最近对太阳系中高i小天体的普查中,一个值得注意的新发现是逆行小行星514107 Ka'epaoka'awela,它目前与木星在i = 163°处的平均运动共振为1:-1(Wiegert et al. 2017)。在这项工作中,我们描绘了逆行的木星特洛伊人和高i半人马之间的直接联系。首先,我们对Ka'epaoka'awela大样本克隆进行了100 Ma的数值反传,结果表明长期稳定的克隆倾向于稳定地减小它们的倾角,直到它集中在90°和135°之间,而它们的偏心率和半长轴增加,使它们中的许多坚定地进入外海王星域。重要的是,这些克隆体与行星9研究中产生的合成高i半人马座有显著的重叠(Batygin et al. 2019),并暗示存在相对突出的,稳态的小型天体种群占据极地跨土星轨道。其次,通过直接数值正演模拟,我们描绘了动力学路径,通过该路径,柯伊伯带的分散盘人口的传统成员可以成为逆行木星特洛伊共振器在行星9的存在。

英文摘要:

Over the course of the last decade, observations of highly-inclined (orbital inclination i > 60°) Trans-Neptunian Objects (TNOs) have posed an important challenge to current models of solar system formation (Levison et al. 2008; Nesvorný 2015). These remarkable minor planets necessitate the presence of a distant reservoir of strongly-out-of-plane TNOs, which itself requires some dynamical production mechanism (Gladman et al. 2009; Gomes et al. 2015; Batygin and Brown 2016). A notable recent addition to the census of high-i minor bodies in the solar system is the retrograde asteroid 514107 Ka'epaoka'awela, which currently occupies a 1:-1 mean motion resonance with Jupiter at i = 163° (Wiegert et al. 2017). In this work, we delineate a direct connection between retrograde Jupiter Trojans and high-i Centaurs. First, we back-propagate a large sample of clones of Ka'epaoka'awela for 100 Ma numerically, and demonstrate that long-term stable clones tend to decrease their inclination steadily until it concentrates between 90° and 135°, while their eccentricity and semi-major axis increase, placing many of them firmly into the trans-Neptunian domain. Importantly, the clones show significant overlap with the synthetic high-i Centaurs generated in Planet 9 studies (Batygin et al. 2019), and hint at the existence of a relatively prominent, steady-state population of minor bodies occupying polar trans-Saturnian orbits. Second, through direct numerical forward-modeling, we delineate the dynamical pathway through which conventional members of the Kuiper Belt's scattered disk population can become retrograde Jovian Trojan resonators in presence of Planet 9.

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