水动力学可以确定微型游泳器的最佳航行路线
Hydrodynamics can Determine the Optimal Route for Microswimmer Navigation
摘要：
与如何引导宏观代理（如飞机或月球着陆器）以最佳方式到达目标的探索问题相比，“最佳微游泳”，即对微游泳者的最佳导航策略的探索，仍然没有解决。在这里，我们系统地探讨了这个问题，并表明，microswimmer的特征流场至关重要地影响所需的导航策略，以最快地到达目标。所得到的最佳轨迹可以具有显著的和非直观的形状，其在性质上不同于干活性颗粒或能动宏观剂的形状。我们的研究结果提供了通用的见解流体动力学和波动的作用，最佳导航在微观上，并建议微生物可能有生存优势时，战略性地控制他们的距离远程墙壁。特别是，当存在波动时，选择适当尊重流体动力学的最佳策略，与微泳者直接朝向目标的情况相比，可以将到达目标的时间减半。
英文摘要：
Contrasting the well explored problem on how to steer a macroscopic agent like an airplane or a moon lander to optimally reach a target, "optimal microswimming", i.e. the quest for the optimal navigation strategy for microswimmers, remains unsolved. Here, we systematically explore this problem and show that the characteristic flow field of microswimmers crucially influences the required navigation strategy to reach a target fastest. The resulting optimal trajectories can have remarkable and non-intuitive shapes, which qualitatively differ from those of dry active particles or motile macroagents. Our results provide generic insights into the role of hydrodynamics and fluctuations on optimal navigation at the microscale and suggest that microorganisms might have survival advantages when strategically controlling their distance to remote walls. In particular, when fluctuations are present, choosing the optimal strategy, which appropriately respects hydrdynamics, can halve the time to reach the target compared to cases microswimmers head straight towards it.
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