调整安全策略以应对在线虚假信息
Adapting Security Warnings to Counter Online Disinformation
摘要：
虚假信息在互联网上激增，平台通过在内容上附加警告来应对。然而，几乎没有证据表明这些警告有助于用户识别或避免虚假信息。在这项工作中，我们适应的方法和结果从信息安全警告文献，以设计和评估有效的虚假信息警告。在最初的实验室研究中，我们使用模拟搜索任务来检查上下文和间隙虚假信息警告设计。我们发现，用户通常会忽略上下文警告，但用户会注意到间隙警告，并通过从其他来源寻求信息来回应。然后，我们进行了一项后续的人群工作者研究，其中有八个间隙警告设计。我们证实了对用户信息搜索行为的重大影响，我们发现警告的设计可以有效地告知用户或传达伤害风险。然而，我们还发现，用户的理解和对伤害的恐惧都不会影响行为效果。我们的工作提供的证据表明，虚假信息警告可以-如果设计良好-帮助用户识别和避免虚假信息。我们展示了一条设计有效警告的前进道路，并为评估行为影响提供了可重复的方法。我们还提出了一个可能的困境：虚假信息警告可能能够告知用户并指导行为，但行为影响可能来自用户体验摩擦，而不是明智的决策。
英文摘要：
Disinformation is proliferating on the internet, and platforms are responding by attaching warnings to content. There is little evidence, however, that these warnings help users identify or avoid disinformation. In this work, we adapt methods and results from the information security warning literature in order to design and evaluate effective disinformation warnings. In an initial laboratory study, we used a simulated search task to examine contextual and interstitial disinformation warning designs. We found that users routinely ignore contextual warnings, but users notice interstitial warnings -- and respond by seeking information from alternative sources. We then conducted a follow-on crowdworker study with eight interstitial warning designs. We confirmed a significant impact on user information-seeking behavior, and we found that a warning's design could effectively inform users or convey a risk of harm. We also found, however, that neither user comprehension nor fear of harm moderated behavioral effects. Our work provides evidence that disinformation warnings can -- when designed well -- help users identify and avoid disinformation. We show a path forward for designing effective warnings, and we contribute repeatable methods for evaluating behavioral effects. We also surface a possible dilemma: disinformation warnings might be able to inform users and guide behavior, but the behavioral effects might result from user experience friction, not informed decision making.
机构、总结、中文摘要均由AI分析而来，可能存在错误，请以论文正文为准。
