在强laser -物质相互作用中光学薛定谔猫态的产生
Generation of optical Schrödinger cat states in intense laser-matter interactions
摘要：
强激光-物质相互作用的物理学是通过经典地处理光脉冲来描述的，预期不需要访问超过经典极限的光学测量。然而，电磁场的量子性质总是存在的。在这里，我们证明了强烈的激光-原子相互作用可能导致高度非经典光态的产生。这是通过使用原子中的高次谐波产生过程来实现的，其中红外频率的驱动激光脉冲的光子被上转换成极紫外光谱范围内的更高频率的光子。在高次谐波产生的条件下，相互作用后基模的量子态是所谓的薛定谔猫态，它对应于两个不同相干态的叠加：激光的初始态和与原子相互作用产生的振幅减小的相干态。这些结果为控制非经典状态的研究开辟了道路，利用与高次谐波产生相关的物理过程的调节方法。
英文摘要：
The physics of intense laser-matter interactions is described by treating the light pulses classically, anticipating no need to access optical measurements beyond the classical limit. However, the quantum nature of the electromagnetic fields is always present. Here, we demonstrate that intense laser-atom interactions may lead to the generation of highly non-classical light states. This was achieved by using the process of high-harmonic generation in atoms, in which the photons of a driving laser pulse of infrared frequency are up-converted into photons of higher frequencies in the extreme ultraviolet spectral range. The quantum state of the fundamental mode after the interaction, when conditioned on the high-harmonic generation, is a so-called Schrödinger cat state, which corresponds to a superposition of two distinct coherent states: the initial state of the laser and the coherent state reduced in amplitude that results from the interaction with atoms. The results open the path for investigations towards the control of the non-classical states, exploiting conditioning approaches on physical processes relevant to high-harmonic generation.
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