敲巨人的门：我。遥远尘埃星系中尘埃-恒星质量比的演化
Knocking on giants' doors: I. The evolution of the dust-to-stellar mass ratio in distant dusty galaxies
摘要：
尘埃-恒星质量比（$M_{\rm dust}$ / $M_{\rm \star}$）是理解星系演化中尘埃、金属和恒星产生机制的一个关键但约束性较差的量。在这项工作中，我们探索和解释的性质$M_{\rm dust}$ / $M_{\rm \star}$在300大质量（$M_{\star}>10^{10}M_{\odot}$），尘埃恒星形成星系检测ALMA高达$z\approx5$。我们发现，$M_{\rm dust}$ / $M_{\rm \star}$随红移、恒星质量、比SFR和积分尘埃尺寸的演化，对于主序星和星暴星系是不同的。在这两个星系群中，$M_{\rm dust}$ / $M_{\rm \star}$都上升，直到$z\sim2$，然后是一个大致平坦的趋势，朝向更高的红移。我们发现，$M_{\rm dust}$ / $M_{\rm \star}$和$M_{\star}$之间的反比关系持有$z\approx5$，可以解释为从早期到晚期的星爆阶段的演化过渡。我们证明，$M_{\rm dust}$ / $M_{\rm \star}$在星爆反映了分子气体分数随红移的增加，并增强了最紧凑的尘埃恒星形成的对象。最先进的宇宙学模拟SIMBA与主序星星系中$M_{\rm dust}$ / $M_{\rm \star}$的演化基本吻合，但在星爆中低估了它。后者被发现与较低的气相金属含量和较长的尘埃生长时间尺度相对于数据。我们的数据通过包括快速金属富集配方的分析模型得到了很好的再现，强烈表明高$M_{\rm dust}$ / $M_{\rm \star}$是由于富集金属的ISM中的快速晶粒生长造成的。我们的工作突出了使用$M_{\rm dust}$ / $M_{\rm \star}$作为诊断工具的多重好处：（1）分离主序星和星暴星系，直到$z\sim5$ ;（2）探测尘埃星系的演化阶段;（3）改进模拟中尘埃生命周期的处理。
英文摘要：
The dust-to-stellar mass ratio ($M_{\rm dust}$/$M_{\rm \star}$) is a crucial yet poorly constrained quantity to understand the production mechanisms of dust, metals and stars in galaxy evolution. In this work we explore and interpret the nature of $M_{\rm dust}$/$M_{\rm \star}$ in 300 massive ($M_{\star}>10^{10}M_{\odot}$), dusty star-forming galaxies detected with ALMA up to $z\approx5$. We find that $M_{\rm dust}$/$M_{\rm \star}$ evolves with redshift, stellar mass, specific SFR and integrated dust size, differently for main sequence and starburst galaxies. In both galaxy populations $M_{\rm dust}$/$M_{\rm \star}$ rises until $z\sim2$ followed by a roughly flat trend towards higher redshifts. We show that the inverse relation between $M_{\rm dust}$/$M_{\rm \star}$ and $M_{\star}$ holds up to $z\approx5$ and can be interpreted as an evolutionary transition from early to late starburst phases. We demonstrate that $M_{\rm dust}$/$M_{\rm \star}$ in starbursts mirrors the increase in molecular gas fraction with redshift, and is enhanced in objects with the most compact dusty star-formation. The state-of-the-art cosmological simulation SIMBA broadly matches the evolution of $M_{\rm dust}$/$M_{\rm \star}$ in main sequence galaxies, but underestimates it in starbursts. The latter is found to be linked to lower gas-phase metallicities and longer dust growth timescales relative to data. Our data are well reproduced by analytical model that includes recipes for rapid metal enrichment, strongly suggesting that high $M_{\rm dust}$/$M_{\rm \star}$ is due to fast grain growth in metal enriched ISM. Our work highlights multifold benefits of using $M_{\rm dust}$/$M_{\rm \star}$ as a diagnostic tool for: (1) separating main sequence and starburst galaxies until $z\sim5$; (2) probing the evolutionary phases of dusty galaxies, and (3) refining the treatment of dust life cycle in simulations.
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