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arXiv 2008.09415cs.DMmath.CO
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无环、星形和注入着色:H-无图的复杂性图景

Acyclic, Star and Injective Colouring: A Complexity Picture for H-Free Graphs

Charles University(查理大学);Durham University(杜伦大学);LIRMM, CNRS, Université de Montpellier(蒙彼利埃大学法国国家科学研究中心信息、机器与微系统实验室)

Jan Bok, Nikola Jedlickova, Barnaby Martin, Pascal Ochem, Daniel Paulusma, Siani Smith

AI总结:

本文研究了H-无图上无环、星形和注入着色问题的复杂性,揭示了固定颜色数k时的分类结果及k作为输入时的差异。

摘要:

一个(proper)着色是无环、星形或注入的,如果任何两个着色类诱导出一个森林、星森林或顶点和边的不相交并集。因此,每一个注入着色都是星形着色,每一个星形着色都是无环着色。相应的决策问题是无环着色、星形着色和注入着色(最后一个问题也被称为L(1,1)-标记)。在着色的复杂性结果中,H-无图(一个图是H-无图如果它不包含H作为诱导子图)有一个经典的复杂性结果,即一个众所周知的二元性。相比之下,尽管多年来出现了大量的算法和结构结果,但关于无环着色、星形着色和注入着色的计算复杂性的系统研究却鲜有涉及。我们进行了这样的研究,并为无环着色、星形着色和注入着色在H-无图上的复杂性进行了几乎完整的分类(每个问题有一个未解决的案例)。此外,如果我们固定颜色数k,即k不是输入的一部分,则给出了完整的复杂性分类。从我们的研究可以得出,当k固定时,这三个问题的行为是一致的,但若k是输入的一部分则不再如此。为了获得几个结果,我们证明了更强的复杂性结果,其中特别涉及图的环长和多图的线图类。

英文摘要:

A (proper) colouring is acyclic, star, or injective if any two colour classes induce a forest, star forest or disjoint union of vertices and edges, respectively. Hence, every injective colouring is a star colouring and every star colouring is an acyclic colouring. The corresponding decision problems are Acyclic Colouring, Star Colouring and Injective Colouring (the last problem is also known as $L(1,1)$-Labelling). A classical complexity result on Colouring is a well-known dichotomy for $H$-free graphs (a graph is $H$-free if it does not contain $H$ as an induced subgraph). In contrast, there is no systematic study into the computational complexity of Acyclic Colouring, Star Colouring and Injective Colouring despite numerous algorithmic and structural results that have appeared over the years. We perform such a study and give almost complete complexity classifications for Acyclic Colouring, Star Colouring and Injective Colouring on $H$-free graphs (for each of the problems, we have one open case). Moreover, we give full complexity classifications if the number of colours $k$ is fixed, that is, not part of the input. From our study it follows that for fixed $k$ the three problems behave in the same way, but this is no longer true if $k$ is part of the input. To obtain several of our results we prove stronger complexity results that in particular involve the girth of a graph and the class of line graphs of multigraphs.

机构、总结、中文摘要均由AI分析而来,可能存在错误,请以论文正文为准。

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