关于模拟船只尾流气候的问题佛罗里达沿海内航道
On the problem of modeling the boat wake climate; the Florida intracoastal waterway
摘要：
船舶交通对沿海生态系统健康的影响是一个多尺度的过程：从分钟（个别尾迹）到天（沉积物运输的潮汐调节），再到季节和年（交通是季节性的）。尽管逐船数值模拟方法的价值很大，但相当大的数值工作是值得怀疑的，因为实际上不可能在任何给定时间为构成交通的每艘船指定确切的类型和航行特性。在这里，我们提出了一个物理力学描述的交通使用的联合概率密度的尾人口在一些特征参数空间。我们试图回答两个基本的问题：（1）什么是相关的参数空间和（2）应该如何测试一个数值模型的尾流人口？我们描述的线性和非线性特性的尾流在佛罗里达州沿海水域。暂时采用二维参数空间（基于深度和长度的弗劳德数），我们进行数值模拟使用开源FUNWAVE-TVD Boussinesq模型。模型性能对于弱分散、完全指定的尾流（例如，分析的线性尾流），以及在现场观察到的弗劳德数范围，或产生相对较长波浪的大型集装箱船。该模型受到了小型缓慢船只产生的短波的挑战。然而，模拟表明，该问题仅限于更深的水域和线性演化。非线性尾流变浅，模拟尾流引起的泥沙输移和尾流对环境的影响是必不可少的，得到了很好的描述。
英文摘要：
The impact of boat traffic on the health of coastal ecosystems is a multi-scale process: from minutes (individual wakes) to days (tidal modulation of sediment transport), to seasons and years (traffic is seasonal). A considerable numerical effort, notwithstanding the value of a boat-by-boat numerical modeling approach, is questionable, because of the practical impossibility of specifying the exact type and navigation characteristics for every boat comprising the traffic at any given time. Here, we propose a statistical-mechanics description of the traffic using a joint probability density of the wake population in some characteristic parameter space. We attempt to answer two basic questions: (1) what is the relevant parameter space and (2) how should a numerical model be tested for a wake population? We describe the linear and nonlinear characteristics of wakes observed in the Florida Intracoastal Waters. Adopting provisionally a two-dimensional parameter space (depth- and length-based Froude numbers) we conduct numerical simulations using the open-source FUNWAVE-TVD Boussinesq model. The model performance is excellent for weakly-dispersive, completely specified wakes (e.g., the analytical linear wakes), and also for the range of Froude numbers observed in the field, or for large container ships generating relatively long waves. The model is challenged by the short waves generated by small, slow boats. However, simulations suggest that the problem is confined to the deeper water domain and linear evolution. Nonlinear wake shoaling, essential for modeling wake-induced sediment transport and wake impact on the environment, is described well.
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