中尺度非均匀性空间分布对液态硝基甲烷激波转爆轰的影响
Effect of spatial distribution of mesoscale heterogeneities on the shock-to-detonation transition in liquid nitromethane
摘要：
通过数值计算研究了微气泡空腔对均质液体炸药冲击起爆的敏化作用。虽然在炸药中存在的空隙早就被认为会引起所谓的热点，大大加快全球反应速率，计算解决的冲击波阵面的相互作用的细节与非均匀性存在的规模上的爆炸反应区的能力，最近才变得可行。在这项研究中，空气填充的空腔的空间分布的影响进行了检查，启用使用图形处理单元（GPU）加速计算，可以解决冲击起爆和爆炸传播通过炸药，同时充分解决功能在中尺度。不同的空间分布的腔在二维模拟中进行检查，包括腔的规则阵列，轻微扰动的阵列，随机阵列（与不同的最小间距施加在腔），和随机分布的集群的腔。空腔的存在是能够减少所需的时间启动爆震-对于一个给定的输入冲击强度-由大于50%，与以前的实验结果一致。随机分布的空腔的结果在一个15-20%的爆震起爆时间减少相比，一个规则的阵列的空腔。聚集的空腔--会发生在团聚的情况下-结果在一个额外的10%减少引爆时间相比，随机阵列。集群的效果示出的集群形成一个有效的更大的腔体的结果，而是由于集群之间的相互作用后，冲击载荷发生在微观尺度上。
英文摘要：
The sensitizing effect of cavities in the form of microbubbles on the shock initiation of a homogeneous liquid explosive is studied computationally. While the presence of voids in an explosive has long been known to induce so-called hot spots that greatly accelerate the global reaction rate, the ability to computationally resolve the details of the interaction of the shock front with heterogeneities existing on the scale of the detonation reaction zone has only recently become feasible. In this study, the influence of the spatial distribution of air-filled cavities has been examined, enabled by the use of graphic processing unit (GPU) accelerated computations that can resolve shock initiation and detonation propagation through an explosive while fully resolving features at the mesoscale. Different spatial distributions of cavities are examined in two-dimensional simulations, including regular arrays of cavities, slightly perturbed arrays, random arrays (with varying minimum spacing being imposed on the cavities), and randomly distributed clusters of cavities. The presence of the cavities is able to reduce the time required to initiate detonation---for a given input shock strength---by greater than 50%, in agreement with previous experimental results. Randomly distributing the cavities results in a 15-20% decrease in detonation initiation time in comparison to a regular array of cavities. Clustering the cavities---as would occur in the case of agglomeration---results in an additional 10% decrease in detonation initiation time in comparison to random arrays. The effect of clustering is shown not to be a result of the clusters forming an effectively larger cavity, but rather due to interactions between clusters upon shock loading occurring on the microscale.
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