粗糙金属表面真实接触面积的测量及弹性和塑性贡献的区分
Measurement of real contact area for rough metal surfaces and the distinction of contribution from elasticity and plasticity
摘要：
粗糙表面真实接触面积的测量是接触力学中最具挑战性的问题之一，对于理解摩擦学中的某些物理机制具有重要意义。基于受抑全内反射原理，设计了一种测量真实接触面积的装置。对不同表面形貌的黄铜试样，测定了法向载荷与实际接触面积的关系。实验验证了加载过程中载荷与实际接触面积之间的线性关系。更重要的是，首先考虑卸载过程，以区分弹性和塑性的粗糙表面接触的贡献。研究发现，在整个连续加载过程中，弹性和塑性都参与其中，不同于目前的一些理解和假设，它们在不同的加载阶段发挥作用。提出了一个定量的参数来表示塑性的贡献。本文的工作不仅提供了一种测量实际接触面积的实验方法，而且还提供了粗糙表面接触中弹性变形和塑性形变是如何发生的。
英文摘要：
The measurement of real contact area between rough surfaces is one of most challenge problems in contact mechanics and is of importance to understand some physical mechanisms in tribology. Based on the frustrated total internal reflection, a new apparatus is designed to measure the real contact area. For brass samples with various surface topographies, the relation between normal load and real contact area is measured. Our experiments verify the linear relationship between load and real contact area during loading process. More importantly, the unloading process is firstly considered to distinguish the contribution of elasticity and plasticity in contact of rough surfaces. It is found that both elasticity and plasticity are involved throughout the continuous loading process, different from some present understanding and assumptions that they play at different loading stages. A quantitative parameter is proposed to indicate the contribution of plasticity. The present work not only provides an experimental method to measure real contact area but figure out how elastic and plastic deformation works in contact of rough surfaces.
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