论主观经验的演变
On the Evolution of Subjective Experience
摘要：
主观体验（SE）是古代心身问题的一部分，该问题仍然是科学最深的谜团之一。尽管在许多领域取得了重大进展，但SE与其在体内的实现之间仍然没有合理的因果关系。核心问题是客观（第三人称）公共科学与主观（第一人称）私人经验的不相容性。任何对SE的科学研究都假定它起源于扩展的进化过程，研究进化历史应该有助于我们理解SE，尽管核心之谜仍然存在，但来自理论、实验和计算研究的证据对SE产生了强烈的约束，并为进一步的研究提出了一些建议。所有动物都面临着许多相同的健康挑战。他们都需要某种内部模型来将他们的生活目标和可操作的感知信息与行动联系起来。我们理解人类感知和情感的身体方面的进化，但不理解SE。SE的第一个进化证据出现在脊椎动物中，其大部分神经底物和模拟机制在哺乳动物和人类中保留下来。人们表现出同样的现象，但仍有一些日常经验的奥秘，显然与当前的神经科学不相容。尽管存在这种局限性，但在理解SE在假体成功中的作用方面取得了相当大的进展。
英文摘要：
Subjective Experience (SE) is part of the ancient mind-body problem, which continues to be one of deepest mysteries of science. Despite major advances in many fields, there is still no plausible causal link between SE and its realization in the body. The core issue is the incompatibility of objective (3rd person) public science with subjective (1st person) private experience. Any scientific approach to SE assumes that it arose from extended evolutionary processes and that examining evolutionary history should help us understand it. While the core mystery remains, converging evidence from theoretical, experimental, and computational studies yields strong constraints on SE and some suggestions for further research. All animals confront many of the same fitness challenges. They all need some kind of internal model to relate their life goals and actionable sensed information to action. We understand the evolution of the bodily aspects of human perception and emotion, but not the SE. The first evolutionary evidence for SE appears in vertebrates and much of its neural substrate and simulation mechanism is preserved in mammals and humans. People exhibit the same phenomena, but there are remaining mysteries of everyday experience that are demonstrably incompatible with current neuroscience. In spite of this limitation, there is considerable progress on understanding the role of SE in the success of prostheses.
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