X射线从线性到非线性的共振传输
Resonant propagation of x-rays from the linear to the nonlinear regime
摘要：
我们提出了一个理论研究的时间，光谱和空间整形的强烈，超快的x射线脉冲传播通过共振介质。我们的计算是基于一个三维的时间相关的薛定谔-麦克斯韦方程的解决方案，与入射的X射线光子能量共振的核心水平的氖1 s-3 p跃迁。我们研究了入射场和介质产生场的演化，包括受激发射、吸收、电离和俄歇衰变等效应随入射脉冲能量和持续时间的变化。我们发现，受激拉曼散射之间的核心激发态$1s^{-1}3p$和$2p^{-1}3p$发生在高X射线强度，并在此频率附近的发射强烈增强时，也包括类似的$1s^{-1}-2p^{-1}$响应的离子。我们还探讨了X射线自诱导透明（SIT）和自聚焦对脉冲强度和持续时间的依赖性，我们发现受激拉曼散射在这两种效应中起着重要的作用。最后，我们讨论了如何利用这些非线性效应作为控制参数的X射线自由电子激光源的脉冲特性。
英文摘要：
We present a theoretical study of temporal, spectral, and spatial reshaping of intense, ultrafast x-ray pulses propagating through a resonant medium. Our calculations are based on the solution of a 3D time-dependent Schrödinger-Maxwell equation, with the incident x-ray photon energy on resonance with the core-level 1s-3p transition in neon. We study the evolution of the combined incident and medium-generated field, including the effects of stimulated emission, absorption, ionization and Auger decay, as a function of the input pulse energy and duration. We find that stimulated Raman scattering between core-excited states $1s^{-1}3p$ and $2p^{-1}3p$ occurs at high x-ray intensity, and that the emission around this frequency is strongly enhanced when also including the similar $1s^{-1}-2p^{-1}$ response of the ion. We also explore the dependence of x-ray self-induced transparency (SIT) and self-focusing on the pulse intensity and duration, and we find that the stimulated Raman scattering plays an important role in both effects. Finally, we discuss how these nonlinear effects may potentially be exploited as control parameters for pulse properties of x-ray free-electron laser sources.
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