发明家和物理学家群体中集体遗忘和文化选择性的兴起
The rising of collective forgetting and cultural selectivity in inventors and physicists communities
摘要：
这张纸要多久才会被遗忘？集体遗忘是文化作品所受到的关注随着时间的推移而衰减的过程。最近的研究将这种衰退建模为两个不同过程的结果，一个与交流记忆有关--由人类交流维持的记忆--和文化记忆--由内容的物理记录维持的记忆。然而，人们对集体遗忘动态如何随时间变化知之甚少。老的文化片段被遗忘的速度比新的要低吗？在这里，我们研究的时间变化的集体记忆和注意力集中在两个知识社区：发明家和物理学家。我们使用美国专利商标局（USPTO）的专利数据和美国物理学会（APS）发表的物理论文来量化集体遗忘如何随着时间的推移而变化。该模型使我们能够区分遗忘的两个分支。一个分支是短暂的，直接从交流记忆到遗忘。另一个是长期存在的，从交际到文化记忆，然后被遗忘。数据分析显示，随着信息的增长，两个社区的遗忘率都在增加。此外，这些知识社区似乎越来越有选择性地将有价值的文化片段储存在其文化记忆中。这些研究结果为遗忘作为一种无效假说提供了实证性的证实，并表明知识共同体可以通过提高其文化选择性来有效地减缓集体遗忘的上升。
英文摘要：
How long until this paper is forgotten? Collective forgetting is the process by which the attention received by cultural pieces decays as time passes. Recent work modeled this decay as the result of two different processes, one linked to communicative memory --memories sustained by human communication-- and cultural memory --memories sustained by the physical recording of content. Yet, little is known on how the collective forgetting dynamic changes over time. Are older cultural pieces forgotten at a lower rate than newer ones? Here, we study the temporal changes of collective memory and attention by focusing on two knowledge communities: inventors and physicists. We use data on patents from the United States Patent and Trademark Office (USPTO) and physics papers published in the American Physical Society (APS) to quantify how collective forgetting has changed over time. The model enables us to distinguish between two branches of forgetting. One branch is short-lived, going directly from communicative memory to oblivion. The other one is long-lived going from communicative to cultural memory and then to oblivion. The data analysis shows an increasing forgetting rate for both communities as the information grows. Furthermore, these knowledge communities seem to be increasing their selectivity at storing valuable cultural pieces in their cultural memory. These findings provide empirical confirmation on the forgetting as an annulment hypothesis and show that knowledge communities can effectively slow down the rising of collective forgetting at improving their cultural selectivity.
机构、总结、中文摘要均由AI分析而来，可能存在错误，请以论文正文为准。
