电信波段光子边缘态拓扑保护的直接量化
Direct quantification of topological protection in symmetry-protected photonic edge states at telecom wavelengths
摘要：
基于模拟量子谷霍尔效应的定制光子晶体（PhC）的拓扑片上光子学由于其对经典和量子信息的鲁棒单向传输的承诺而最近获得了广泛的兴趣。我们提出了一个直接的定量评估的拓扑光子边缘本征态及其传输特性的电信波长范围内使用相位分辨近场光学显微镜。实验可视化的详细的亚波长结构，这些模式沿两个拓扑非平凡的镜像对称晶格之间的界面传播，使我们能够映射它们的色散关系，并区分几个高阶布洛赫谐波的贡献。由其相速度定义的前向和后向传播模式的选择性探测使得能够直接量化拓扑鲁棒性。研究控制缺陷中的近场传播允许提取上限，以拓扑保护在芯片上的光子系统相比，传统的光子晶体波导。我们发现，受保护的边缘状态是两个数量级更强大的相比，传统的光子晶体波导。这种拓扑鲁棒性的直接实验量化包括在集成光子学中应用拓扑保护指导的关键一步，允许前所未有的无错误光子量子网络。
英文摘要：
Topological on-chip photonics based on tailored photonic crystals (PhC) that emulate quantum valley Hall effects has recently gained widespread interest due to its promise of robust unidirectional transport of classical and quantum information. We present a direct quantitative evaluation of topological photonic edge eigenstates and their transport properties in the telecom wavelength range using phase-resolved near-field optical microscopy. Experimentally visualizing the detailed sub-wavelength structure of these modes propagating along the interface between two topologically non-trivial mirror-symmetric lattices allows us to map their dispersion relation and differentiate between the contributions of several higher-order Bloch harmonics. Selective probing of forward and backward propagating modes as defined by their phase velocities enables a direct quantification of topological robustness. Studying near-field propagation in controlled defects allows to extract upper limits to topological protection in on-chip photonic systems in comparison to conventional PhC waveguides. We find that protected edge states are two orders of magnitude more robust as compared to conventional PhC waveguides. This direct experimental quantification of topological robustness comprises a crucial step towards the application of topologically protected guiding in integrated photonics, allowing for unprecedented error-free photonic quantum networks.
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