具有织构缺陷的生物矿物是通过应力离域增韧的功能梯度生物陶瓷
Biominerals with Texture Gradients are Functionally Graded Bioceramics Toughened by Stress Delocalization
摘要：
生物矿化生物体由于其产生具有特殊晶体控制的结构的能力而被广泛注意和广泛研究。首先，引起人们注意的是产生几乎单晶生物晶体的生物体，如海胆或双壳类。相比之下，具有看似无序的多晶生物装甲的生物矿化生物相对未被研究。然而，在黑唇珠母贝，珠母贝margaritifera的晶体有序，揭示了不同的晶体纹理的生物矿物是一个未被识别的功能梯度材料类。由于晶体的取向依赖性机械性能，改变晶体织构不可避免地引起杨氏模量的变化。珠母贝的情况下，这种晶体梯度的生物陶瓷的应力离域和应力强度因子降低，比非梯度的同行。这些研究结果表明，众多的生物矿物，这是因为它们的多晶性和不断变化的晶体纹理被认为是有序性差，可以被认为是分级材料，迄今尚未确定的新兴的机械性能。基本的设计原理非常简单，适用于广泛的晶体材料类别，因此可以作为未来生物启发功能材料的蓝图。
英文摘要：
Biomineralizing organisms are widely noted and extensively studied due to their ability to generate structures exhibiting exceptional crystallographic control. Primarily, it is the organisms, such as sea-urchins or bivalves, that generate nearly single-crystalline biocrystals that have attracted attention. In contrast, biomineralizing organisms with seemingly disordered polycrystalline bio-armor have been left relatively unstudied. However, the crystalline ordering in the black-lipped pearl oyster, Pinctada margaritifera, reveals that biominerals with varying crystal textures are an unrecognized class of functionally graded materials. Changing crystal textures inevitably cause a variation in Young modulus due to the orientation-dependent mechanical properties of crystals. The case of Pinctada margaritifera demonstrates that bioceramics with such crystallographical gradients are toughened by stress delocalization and reduced stress intensity factors, outperforming non-graded counterparts. These findings suggest that a multitude of biominerals, which are perceived as poorly ordered because of their polycrystallinity and changing crystal textures, may be considered as graded materials with hitherto unidentified emergent mechanical properties. The underlying design principle is remarkably simple and applicable to a wide range of crystalline material classes and may thus serve as a blueprint for future bioinspired functional materials.
机构、总结、中文摘要均由AI分析而来，可能存在错误，请以论文正文为准。
