arXivDaily arXiv每日学术速递 周一至周五更新
arXiv 2008.04945astro-ph.SR
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参宿四大变暗的空间分辨紫外光谱

Spatially Resolved Ultraviolet Spectroscopy of the Great Dimming of Betelgeuse

Andrea K. Dupree, Klaus G. Strassmeier, Lynn D. Matthews, Han Uitenbroek, Thomas Calderwood, Thomas Granzer, Edward F Guinan, Reimar Leike, Miguel Montargès, An… 展开作者

Andrea K. Dupree, Klaus G. Strassmeier, Lynn D. Matthews, Han Uitenbroek, Thomas Calderwood, Thomas Granzer, Edward F Guinan, Reimar Leike, Miguel Montargès, Anita M. S. Richards, Richard Wasatonic, Michael Weber

摘要:

明亮的超巨星参宿四(猎户座阿尔法,HD 39801)在2019年12月和2020年第一季度经历了视觉变暗,达到历史最低值2020年2月7日$-$ 13。在2019年9月至11月期间,在光学变暗事件之前,光球正在扩大。与此同时,空间分辨紫外光谱使用哈勃太空望远镜/空间望远镜成像光谱仪显示,紫外光谱和镁II线发射从色球在南半球的恒星大幅增加。此外,从光谱和C II诊断推断的温度和电子密度也在这个半球增加。这些变化发生在大调光事件之前。Mg II k线剖面的变化表明,从2019年9月到2019年11月,物质因脉冲或声震的通过而向外移动。看来,这种非同寻常的流出物质的恒星,可能是由对流光球元素,是加强了一致的向外运动在这一阶段的$\sim$ 400天的脉动周期。这些紫外线观测似乎提供了光球层中已知的大型对流单体与2019年12月成像的南半球尘埃云冷却形成的质量喷射事件之间的联系,并导致参宿四在2020年2月的异常光学变暗。

英文摘要:

The bright supergiant, Betelgeuse (Alpha Orionis, HD 39801) experienced a visual dimming during 2019 December and the first quarter of 2020 reaching an historic minimum 2020 February 7$-$13. During 2019 September-November, prior to the optical dimming event, the photosphere was expanding. At the same time, spatially resolved ultraviolet spectra using the Hubble Space Telescope/Space Telescope Imaging Spectrograph revealed a substantial increase in the ultraviolet spectrum and Mg II line emission from the chromosphere over the southern hemisphere of the star. Moreover, the temperature and electron density inferred from the spectrum and C II diagnostics also increased in this hemisphere. These changes happened prior to the Great Dimming Event. Variations in the Mg II k-line profiles suggest material moved outwards in response to the passage of a pulse or acoustic shock from 2019 September through 2019 November. It appears that this extraordinary outflow of material from the star, likely initiated by convective photospheric elements, was enhanced by the coincidence with the outward motions in this phase of the $\sim$400 day pulsation cycle. These ultraviolet observations appear to provide the connecting link between the known large convective cells in the photosphere and the mass ejection event that cooled to form the dust cloud in the southern hemisphere imaged in 2019 December, and led to the exceptional optical dimming of Betelgeuse in 2020 February.

机构、总结、中文摘要均由AI分析而来,可能存在错误,请以论文正文为准。

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