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arXiv 2008.02811astro-ph.EPastro-ph.IM
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基于采用新型匹配模板技术提取的径向速度测量值的KIC 5951458的单个Transit的多重解释

Multiple Explanations for the Single Transit of KIC 5951458 based on Radial Velocity Measurements Extracted with a Novel Matched-template Technique

Paul A. Dalba, Benjamin Fulton, Howard Isaacson, Stephen R. Kane, Andrew W. Howard

摘要:

显示单凌事件的行星系是增加凌日调查中长周期系外行星产量的关键途径。开普勒-456 b(KIC 5951458 b)被认为是一颗单凌巨星,轨道周期为1310天。然而,凯克望远镜上的HIRES仪器对KIC 5951458的径向速度(RV)观测表明,该系统要复杂得多。为了提取精确的RV为这个$V\approx13$明星,我们开发了一种新的匹配模板技术,利用了广泛的库与HIRES获得的模板光谱。我们验证了这种技术,并测量其噪声地板是4 - 8米秒$^{-1}$(除了内部RV错误)的大多数明星,将有针对性的精密RV。对于KIC 5951458,我们检测到一个长期的RV趋势,表明存在一个轨道周期大于几千天的恒星伴星。我们还检测到一个额外的信号,可能是由一个行星或褐矮星的质量范围为0.6 - 82 $M_{\rm J}$和轨道周期低于几千天的伴星。奇怪的是,仅从手头的数据,不可能确定哪个物体导致了单一的“过境”事件。我们演示了如何一组适度的RV使我们能够更新这个不寻常的系统的属性,并预测未来观测的最佳时机。

英文摘要:

Planetary systems that show single-transit events are a critical pathway to increasing the yield of long-period exoplanets from transit surveys. From the primary Kepler mission, KIC 5951458b (Kepler-456b) was thought to be a single-transit giant planet with an orbital period of 1310 days. However, radial velocity (RV) observations of KIC 5951458 from the HIRES instrument on the Keck telescope suggest that the system is far more complicated. To extract precise RVs for this $V\approx13$ star, we develop a novel matched-template technique that takes advantage of a broad library of template spectra acquired with HIRES. We validate this technique and measure its noise floor to be 4 - 8 m s$^{-1}$ (in addition to internal RV error) for most stars that would be targeted for precision RVs. For KIC 5951458, we detect a long-term RV trend that suggests the existence of a stellar companion with an orbital period greater than a few thousand days. We also detect an additional signal in the RVs that is possibly caused by a planetary or brown dwarf companion with mass in the range of 0.6 - 82 $M_{\rm J}$ and orbital period below a few thousand days. Curiously, from just the data on hand, it is not possible to determine which object caused the single "transit" event. We demonstrate how a modest set of RVs allows us to update the properties of this unusual system and predict the optimal timing for future observations.

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