Second law of thermodynamics for relativistic fluids formulated with relative entropy

Relativistic Quantum Thermodynamics of Moving Systems

We analyse the thermodynamics of a quantum system in a trajectory of constant velocity that interacts with a static thermal bath. The latter is modeled by a massless scalar field in a thermal state. We consider two different couplings of the moving system to the heat bath, a coupling of the Unruh-DeWitt type and a coupling that involves the time derivative of the field. We derive the master equation for the reduced dynamics of the moving quantum system. It has the same form with the quantum optical master equation, but with different coefficients that depend on velocity. This master equation h…

相对运动通过热浴作为热力学资源

Relativistic motion through a thermal bath as a thermodynamic resource

通过相对运动，局部量子系统被驱动进入非吉布斯稳态，其中一类可作为噪声随机钟，另一类具有非平衡自由能，可用于功提取或存储。

Thermodynamic properties of neutral Dirac particles in the presence of an electromagnetic field

In this paper, we investigate the thermodynamic properties of a set of neutral Dirac particles in the presence of an electromagnetic field in contact with a heat bath for the relativistic and non-relativistic cases. In order to perform the calculations, the high-temperature limit is considered and the Euler-MacLaurin formula is taking into account. Next, we explicitly determine the behavior of the main thermodynamic functions of the canonical ensemble: the Helmholtz free energy, the mean energy, the entropy, and the heat capacity. As a result, we verified that the mean energy and the heat capa…

Approximate Analytical Solutions to Relativistic and Nonrelativistic Pöschl-Teller Potential with its Thermodynamic Properties

We apply the asymptotic iteration method (AIM) to obtain the solutions of Schrodinger equation in the presence of Poschl-Teller (PT) potential. We also obtain the solutions of Dirac equation for the same potential under the condition of spin and pseudospin (p-spin) symmetries. We show that in the nonrelativistic limits, the solution of Dirac system converges to that of Schrodinger system. Rotational-Vibrational energy eigenvalues of some diatomic molecules are calculated. Some special cases of interest are studied such as s-wave case, reflectionless-type potential and symmetric hyperbolic PT p…

广义弱非局域自引力非相对论流体的热力学兼容性、全息性质及波函数表示

Thermodynamic compatibility, holographic property and wave-function representation of generalized weakly nonlocal self-gravitating non-relativistic fluids

本文研究了广义弱非局域自引力非相对论流体的热力学兼容性、全息性质及波函数表示，揭示了经典与量子物理之间的联系。

Strong Coupling Thermodynamics of Open Quantum Systems

A general thermodynamic framework is presented for open quantum systems in fixed contact with a thermal reservoir. The first and second law are obtained for arbitrary system-reservoir coupling strengths, and including both factorized and correlated initial conditions. The thermodynamic properties are adapted to the generally strong coupling regime, approaching the ones defined for equilibrium, and their standard weak-coupling counterparts as appropriate limits. Moreover, they can be inferred from measurements involving only system observables. Finally, a thermodynamic signature of non-Markovia…

Thermodynamics of relativistic quantum fields confined in cavities

We investigate the quantum thermodynamical properties of localised relativistic quantum fields, and how they can be used as quantum thermal machines. We study the efficiency and power of energy transfer between the classical gravitational degrees of freedom, such as the energy input due to the motion of boundaries or an impinging gravitational wave, and the excitations of a confined quantum field. We find that the efficiency of energy transfer depends dramatically on the input initial state of the system. Furthermore, we investigate the ability of the system to extract energy from a gravitatio…

A Comparative Interpretation of the Thermodynamic Functions of a Relativistic Bound State problem proposed with an Attractive or a Repulsive Surface Effect

Generalized symmetric Woods-Saxon potential (GSWSP) energy well has a significant importance not only in nuclear physics but also in atomic and molecular physics. A GSWSP energy well takes the surface effects (describing e.g. repulsive interaction at the nucleus edge in nuclear physics) into account in addition to the volume effect. These effects can be, in general, both repulsive or attractive. In this paper, the recently obtained bound state solution of the Klein-Gordon equation with vector and scalar GSWSP energy in the spin symmetry limit is used to calculate a neutral pion's energy spectr…

非相对论量子力学中的反粒子

Antiparticles in non-relativistic quantum mechanics

本文基于几何量子化方法，在不依赖量子场论的前提下，展示了如何在非相对论量子力学中引入反粒子概念，并以一维谐振子为例进行了详细讨论。

热力学不可逆性的相对论方法

Relativistic approach to thermodynamic irreversibility

针对弯曲时空中的局域化量子系统，通过转换量子统计力学的两点测量方案，证明量子涨落定理的相对论版本，揭示熵产生具观察者依赖性，相关思想已发表于两篇论文。

Conformal Mapping of Relativistic Quantum Bound Systems to Eliminate Potential Fields

In two recent papers, an isometric conformal transformation has been introduced that eliminates potential interaction terms from the Schrödinger equation for central potential problems. The method has been demonstrated for both the hydrogen atom and three-dimensional harmonic oscillator. Here, it is shown that the same transformation technique can also be applied to central potential problems formulated using the Klein-Gordon equation.

Quantum Action Principle in Relativistic Mechanics (II)

Quantum Action Principle formulated earlier is used as a ground for a probabilistic interpretation of one-particle relativistic quantum mechanics. In this new approach the probability "flows" in the Minkowsky space being dependent on an inner time parameter which we interpret as a particle life time. The life time is determined as a function of observable parameters of the real experiment by means of an additional condition of stationarity for the quantum action.