laser诱导锗电子、真空火花和真空电弧的带电粒子发射
Emission of charged particles from laser-induced germanium ecton, vacuum spark and vacuum arc
摘要：
研究了不同栅电荷水平和阴极电流下，锗表面激光诱导微爆炸的高分辨时间演化。来自各个点的电子发射用发光屏直接成像，显示源的开度角约为30 $^\circ$。在约150 ns的时间间隔内，每个脉冲几个纳库仑的电子束被直接提取到阳极，而不会在阴极间隙中发生真空击穿。当击穿发生时，观察到约1 kV的阈值间隙电位的电弧行为的显着变化，这暗示了两种不同的蒸发机制，取决于单个点的阴极下降。因此，对于远高于阈值的电压，在第一个100-200 ns内观察到快速栅极放电，随后是基本等离子体振荡和来自等离子体边界的每脉冲几个$μ$ C的电子发射。此外，发生锗离子簇的高效发射，证明了等离子体中稳定的两倍电子倍增，每个脉冲的电荷低于阈值几个$μ$ C。
英文摘要：
The highly resolved temporal evolution of laser-induced micro-explosions on a germanium surface is studied in a triode configuration for various gate charge levels and cathode currents. Electron emission from individual spots is directly imaged with a luminescence screen, showing that the opening angle of the source is about 30$^\circ$. Electron bunches of several nanocoulombs per pulse in a time interval of about 150 ns are directly extracted to the anode without vacuum breakdown in the cathodic gap. When breakdown occurs, a remarkable change in the arc behavior of a threshold gap potential of around 1 kV is observed, which hints at two different evaporation mechanisms that depend on the cathodic fall of an individual spot. Therefore, for voltages well above the threshold, a fast gate discharge is observed within the first 100-200 ns, followed by fundamental plasma oscillations and an electron emission of several $μ$C per pulse from the plasma boundary. Additionally, highly efficient emission of germanium ion clusters occurs, evidencing a stable two-fold electron multiplication in the plasma, with a charge of several $μ$C per pulse below the threshold.
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