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arXiv 2008.01502quant-ph
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两量子比特三维磁测量的Holevo-Cramér-Rao界的可达性

Attainability of the Holevo-Cramér-Rao bound for two-qubit 3D magnetometry

Jamie Friel, Pantita Palittapongarnpim, Francesco Albarelli, Animesh Datta

摘要:

我们使用两个量子比特来研究量子限制的3D磁强计。两个量子位形成了用于3D磁力测量的最小的多量子位系统,即三个相位的同时估计,因为这是不可能用单个量子位实现的。我们提供了一个解析表达式的Holevo-Cramér-Rao界(HCRB),多参数估计的基本可达到的量子界,使用两个量子比特纯态的3D磁强计,并显示其可达到的秩-1投影测量。我们还研究了可达性的HCRB在存在的失相噪声,使用数值方法。虽然达到HCRB可能需要在无限多个副本集体测量,我们发现,高噪声的HCRB实际上是饱和的两个副本。在低噪声状态下,多达三个副本无法达到HCRB。更一般地说,我们引入新的多参数通道边界比较量子经典和经典量子策略,其中多个独立的副本的状态纠缠之前或之后记录的参数分别。我们发现,它们的相对性能取决于噪声强度,与经典量子策略表现更好的高噪声。最后,我们用浅量子线路,接近HCRB为两个量子位3D磁力测量设置的基本量子极限,使用多达三个副本。

英文摘要:

We study quantum-limited 3D magnetometry using two qubits. Two qubits form the smallest multi-qubit system for 3D magnetometry, the simultaneous estimation of three phases, as it is impossible with a single qubit. We provide an analytical expression for the Holevo-Cramér-Rao bound (HCRB),the fundamental attainable quantum bound of multiparameter estimation, for 3D magnetometry using two-qubit pure states and show its attainability by rank-1 projective measurements. We also examine the attainability of the HCRB in the presence of dephasing noise using numerical methods. While attaining the HCRB may require collective measurements over infinitely many copies, we find that for high noise the HCRB is practically saturated by two copies only. In the low noise regime, up to three copies are unable to attain the HCRB. More generally, we introduce new multiparameter channel bounds to compare quantum-classical and classical-quantum strategies where multiple independent copies of the state are entangled before or after recording the parameters respectively. We find that their relative performance depends on the noise strength, with theclassical-quantum strategy performing better for high noise. We end with shallow quantum circuits that approach the fundamental quantum limit set by the HCRB for two-qubit 3D magnetometry using up to three copies.

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