气候变化下的入侵物种、极端火灾风险和毒素释放
Invasive species, extreme fire risk, and toxin release under a changing climate
摘要：
地中海生态系统，如在加利福尼亚州，智利中部，南欧和澳大利亚西南部发现的生态系统，拥有众多，多样化，适应火灾的微型生态系统。这些微型生态系统的多样性，从山区针叶林到沙漠般的丛林群落。在过去的几个世纪里，人类干预，入侵物种和气候变暖已经严重影响了几乎每个大陆的地中海生态系统的组成和健康。灭火政策导致的燃料负荷增加，以及非本土昆虫和植物的持续范围扩大，其中一些是由长期干旱造成的，这导致了2018年有记录以来最致命的野火季节。由于这些火灾，大量的建筑物被摧毁，将家用化学品作为不受控制的毒素释放到环境中。这些材料的调动可能导致人类和自然系统的健康风险和破坏。本文确定了导致加利福尼亚州火灾适应生态系统马赛克结构弱化的驱动因素，随后增加了全州破坏性和爆炸性野火的风险。在新的气候制度下，管理对与自然进程不同步的系统的影响，可以保护生命，确保生态系统服务的稳定。
英文摘要：
Mediterranean ecosystems such as those found in California, Central Chile, Southern Europe, and Southwest Australia host numerous, diverse, fire-adapted micro-ecosystems. These micro-ecosystems are as diverse as mountainous conifer to desert-like chaparral communities. Over the last few centuries, human intervention, invasive species, and climate warming have drastically affected the composition and health of Mediterranean ecosystems on almost every continent. Increased fuel load from fire suppression policies and the continued range expansion of non-native insects and plants, some driven by long-term drought, produced the deadliest wildfire season on record in 2018. As a consequence of these fires, a large number of structures are destroyed, releasing household chemicals into the environment as uncontrolled toxins. The mobilization of these materials can lead to health risks and disruption in both human and natural systems. This article identifies drivers that led to a structural weakening of the mosaic of fire-adapted ecosystems in California, and subsequently increased the risk of destructive and explosive wildfires throughout the state. Under a new climate regime, managing the impacts on systems moving out-of-phase with natural processes may protect lives and ensure the stability of ecosystem services.
机构、总结、中文摘要均由AI分析而来，可能存在错误，请以论文正文为准。
