金刚石中Kalb-Ramond场的一种合成矿源
A synthetic monopole source of Kalb-Ramond field in diamond
摘要：
磁单极子在基础物理学的各个领域中发挥着核心作用，从电磁学到物质的拓扑状态。虽然在高能物理学中，它们的观测是难以捉摸的，但最近在合成物质中发现了人造规范场的源。弦论是一个包含量子力学的潜在统一框架，它将电动力学中传统的\emph{vector}规范场提升为\emph{tensor}规范场，并预言了四维空间中更奇异的\emph{tensor monopoles}的存在。在这里，我们报告的表征的张量合成在一个4D参数空间中的一个单一的固态金刚石缺陷的自旋自由度。利用两种互补的方法，我们通过测量张量的量子化拓扑荷和辐射的Kalb-Ramond场来刻画张量的量子化。通过引入一个虚拟的外场，打破手征对称性，我们进一步观察到一个有趣的光谱过渡，其特征在于由镜像对称性保护的光谱环。我们的工作代表了在固态系统中首次检测到张量单极子，并开辟了模拟受弦论启发的奇异拓扑结构的可能性。
英文摘要：
Magnetic monopoles play a central role in various areas of fundamental physics, ranging from electromagnetism to topological states of matter. While their observation is elusive in high-energy physics, monopole sources of artificial gauge fields have been recently identified in synthetic matter. String theory, a potentially unifying framework that encompasses quantum mechanics, promotes the conventional \emph{vector} gauge fields of electrodynamics to \emph{tensor} gauge fields, and predicts the existence of more exotic \emph{tensor monopoles} in 4D space. Here we report on the characterization of a tensor monopole synthesized in a 4D parameter space by the spin degrees of freedom of a single solid-state defect in diamond. Using two complementary methods, we characterize the tensor monopole by measuring its quantized topological charge and its emanating Kalb-Ramond field. By introducing a fictitious external field that breaks chiral symmetry, we further observe an intriguing transition in the spectrum, characterized by spectral rings protected by mirror symmetries. Our work represents the first detection of tensor monopoles in a solid-state system and opens up the possibility of emulating exotic topological structures inspired by string theory.
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