质子中子星引力波谱的避免交叉
Avoided crossing in gravitational wave spectra from protoneutron star
摘要：
数值模拟中出现的引力波斜升信号可能是估算超新星爆发时质子中子星参数的重要信号。为了识别PNS振荡的信号，我们进行了线性扰动分析，并将所得的本征频率与通过二维数值模拟获得的斜坡上升信号进行比较。然后，我们发现斜坡上升信号很好地对应于早期相位中的$g_1$模式和$f$模式，其中$g_1$模式经由避免的交叉被交换到$f$模式。我们还证实，$f$ -和$g_1$ -模式几乎是独立的PNS表面密度的选择后，在后期阶段核心反弹。此外，我们成功地发现，拟合公式的$g_1$ -和$f$ -模式，对应于斜坡上升信号的数值模拟，作为一个函数的PNS平均密度。也就是说，通过直接观测超新星爆发后的引力波，可以利用我们的拟合公式得到PNS平均密度的时间演化。
英文摘要：
The ramp up signals of gravitational waves appearing in the numerical simulations could be important signals to estimate parameters of the protoneutron star (PNS) at supernova explosions. To identify the signals with PNS oscillations, we make a linear perturbation analysis and compare the resultant eigenfrequencies with the ramp up signals obtained via the two-dimensional numerical simulations. Then, we find that the ramp up signals correspond well to the $g_1$-mode in the early phase and to the $f$-mode, to which the $g_1$-mode is exchanged via the avoided crossing. We also confirm that the $f$- and $g_1$-modes are almost independent of the selection of the PNS surface density in the later phase after core bounce. In addition, we successfully find that the fitting formula of $g_1$- and $f$-modes, which correspond to the ramp up signals in the numerical simulation, as a function of the PNS average density. That is, via the direct observation of the gravitational waves after supernova explosion, one could extract the time evolution of the PNS average density by using our fitting formula.
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