arXiv 2008.003272020-08-01hep-thastro-ph.COgr-qc

作为暗物质的原初黑洞

Primordial Black Holes as Dark Matter

Tom Banks, Willy Fischler

备注：: 18 pages, 1 figure

摘要：

我们研究了一些模型，在这些模型中，霍金温度为辐射主导时代开始时的辐射温度量级的黑洞谱可以生存足够长的时间，以便在我们宇宙中观察到的物质与辐射之间的交叉处产生物质主导时代。我们发现，这种黑洞的密度足够大时，确实可以做到这一点。更强的观测约束，即黑洞的寿命至少与宇宙的当前年龄一样长，这是很难评估的，因为在物质主导的时代，黑洞合并。然后，我们研究所需的密度和质量是否与全息时空（HST）模型的通货膨胀是一致的。我们发现，他们是，但把温和的限制慢滚参数$ε= - \frac{\dot{H}}{H^2}$在该模型是小的。这个界限并不比模型对张量涨落的预测的观测界限更强。在再热温度下，在一个单一种类的黑洞模型中，所需的黑洞密度必须被看作是量子力学的偶然事件。在这样一个模型中，我们的宇宙存在是因为一个低概率的量子涨落。

英文摘要：

We investigate models in which a spectrum of black holes with Hawking temperature of order the radiation temperature at the beginning of the radiation dominated era can survive long enough to produce a matter dominated era at the observed crossover between matter and radiation in our universe. We find that a sufficiently dense population of such black holes can indeed do so. The stronger observational constraint, that the black holes have lifetimes at least as long as the current age of the universe is harder to assess, because of black hole mergers during the matter dominated era. We then investigate whether the required densities and masses are consistent with the Holographic Space-time (HST) model of inflation. We find that they are, but put mild constraints on the slow roll parameter $ε= - \frac{\dot{H}}{H^2}$ in that model to be small. The bound is no stronger than the observational bound on the model's prediction for tensor fluctuations. The required black hole density, at the reheat temperature, in a model with a single species of black hole, must be viewed as a quantum mechanical accident. In such a model, our universe exists because of a low probability quantum fluctuation.

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