arXivDaily arXiv每日学术速递 周一至周五更新
arXiv 2007.16006cs.CL
收藏

词嵌入:稳定性与语义变化

Word Embeddings: Stability and Semantic Change

University of Heidelberg(海德堡大学)

Lucas Rettenmeier

摘要:

词嵌入是通过自然语言处理(NLP)中的一类技术计算的,这些技术从大型文本语料库中创建语言中的词的连续向量表示。大多数嵌入技术的训练过程的随机性可能会导致惊人的不稳定性,即随后将相同的技术应用于相同的数据两次,可能会产生完全不同的结果。在这项工作中,我们提出了一个实验研究的三个最有影响力的嵌入技术的训练过程中的不稳定性:word 2 vec,GloVe和fastText。基于实验结果,我们提出了一个统计模型来描述嵌入技术的不稳定性,并引入了一个新的度量来衡量一个单独的词的表示的不稳定性。最后,我们提出了一种方法来最大限度地减少不稳定性-通过计算多次运行的修改后的平均值-并将其应用于一个特定的语言问题:检测和量化语义变化,即测量随着时间的推移单词的含义和使用的变化。

英文摘要:

Word embeddings are computed by a class of techniques within natural language processing (NLP), that create continuous vector representations of words in a language from a large text corpus. The stochastic nature of the training process of most embedding techniques can lead to surprisingly strong instability, i.e. subsequently applying the same technique to the same data twice, can produce entirely different results. In this work, we present an experimental study on the instability of the training process of three of the most influential embedding techniques of the last decade: word2vec, GloVe and fastText. Based on the experimental results, we propose a statistical model to describe the instability of embedding techniques and introduce a novel metric to measure the instability of the representation of an individual word. Finally, we propose a method to minimize the instability - by computing a modified average over multiple runs - and apply it to a specific linguistic problem: The detection and quantification of semantic change, i.e. measuring changes in the meaning and usage of words over time.

机构、总结、中文摘要均由AI分析而来,可能存在错误,请以论文正文为准。

↑