曲率扰动和Anomaly解释暗能量
Curvature Perturbations and Anomaly explain Dark Energy
摘要：
我们研究了暗能量的历史来解释目前的量级。我们假设暗能量是剩余的宇宙学常数。再加热过程中最重要的通道是由QCD迹线异常产生的胶子对。我们认为，暗能量在再加热和大爆炸之后通过胶子对的排放迅速衰减。再加热温度由暗能量γ的衰变宽度和普朗克质量M_p确定为sqrt{M_P γ} ~ 10^6GeV。它是Friedmann方程和平衡条件Gamma~ H的推论。当宇宙冷却到强子尺度以下时，暗能量密度几乎被冻结。然而，暗能量通过发射两个光子而进一步减少。我们从QED迹线异常估计了当前暗能量的衰变率。Friedmann方程的自洽解与观测值非常吻合。暗能量尺度的抑制因子是精细结构常数α和曲率微扰P的乘积，为10^{-30}=（α ^2 P/4π）^2。我们认为，除非扣除暗能量，否则紫外和红外波段的共形对称性破缺是必要的。我们还研究了通过添加大量右手中微子的lepto-genesis。真实的稀薄成因发生在再加热过程中。
英文摘要：
We investigate the history of dark energy to explain the present magnitude. We assume the dark energy is the residual cosmological constant. The most important channel in the reheating process is the gluon pair productions by QCD trace anomaly. We argue dark energy decays rapidly by gluon pair emissions during the reheating and after the big bang. The reheating temperature is determined by the decay width of dark energy Gamma and the Planck mass M_p as sqrt{M_P Gamma} ~ 10^6GeV. It is the consequence of Friedmann's equation and an equilibrium condition Gamma~ H. As the Universe cools below the hadronic scale, dark energy density is almost frozen. Nevertheless the dark energy further decreases by emitting two photons. We have estimated the current decay rate of dark energy from the QED trace anomaly. The consistent solution of Friedmann equation is in an excellent agreement with the observations. The suppression factor of dark energy scale is the product of fine structure constant alpha and curvature perturbation P as 10^{-30}=(α^2P/4π)^2. We argue the conformal symmetry breaking in the both UV and IR are necessary unless dark energy is subtracted. We also investigated lepto-genesis by adding massive right handed neutrinos. The realistic lepto-genesis takes place during reheating process.
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