孤子空间叠加态的产生与退相干
Generation and decoherence of soliton spatial superposition states
摘要：
由于它们的相干性质，稀原子气体玻色-爱因斯坦凝聚体似乎是一个通用的平台，用于控制创建介观纠缠态与大量的粒子，也允许控制研究其退相干。然而，这种状态的产生本质上涉及到多体量子动力学，而这些动力学不能被平均场论所捕获，因此使描述凝聚体的最广泛的方法失效。我们提出了一个方案，通过非共振激光修整将强相互作用里德伯原子系统的纠缠映射到凝聚态上，使凝聚态云作为一个整体进入两个不同空间位置的叠加态[R. Mukherjee等人，物理修订版信函115 040401（2015）]。一个变分的多体Anglomerator类似于最近开发的多组态方法，使我们能够明确地模拟这种纠缠映射步骤，同时仍然保持简单的平均场物理的描述的叠加的每个分支。在文章的第二部分中，我们详细地模拟了由于原子损耗引起的退相干过程。总之，我们证实了早先的估计，即400个原子的紧密局域云可以被带到两个相距约3 μm的位置的量子叠加中，并保持相干约1 ms。
英文摘要：
Due to their coherence properties, dilute atomic gas Bose-Einstein condensates seem a versatile platform for controlled creation of mesoscopically entangled states with a large number of particles and also allow controlled studies of their decoherence. However, the creation of such a state intrinsically involves many-body quantum dynamics that cannot be captured by mean-field theory, and thus invalidates the most widespread methods for the description of condensates. We follow up on a proposal, in which a condensate cloud as a whole is brought into a superposition of two different spatial locations, by mapping entanglement from a strongly interacting Rydberg atomic system onto the condensate using off-resonant laser dressing [R. Mukherjee et al., Phys. Rev. Lett. 115 040401 (2015)]. A variational many-body Ansatz akin to recently developed multi-configurational methods allows us to model this entanglement mapping step explicitly, while still preserving the simplicity of mean-field physics for the description of each branch of the superposition. In the second part of the article, we model the decoherence process due to atom losses in detail. Altogether we confirm earlier estimates, that tightly localized clouds of 400 atoms can be brought into a quantum superposition of two locations about 3 μm apart and remain coherent for about 1 ms.
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