聚焦超声和组织间Laser加热对乳腺肿瘤的热力学评价
Thermomechanical Assessment of Breast Tumor Subjected to Focused Ultrasound and Interstitial Laser Heating
摘要：
在激光和超声热疗期间，总是期望具有对患者具有最小的热诱导伤害性疼痛感觉的、保留邻近健康组织的深定位肿瘤的精确坏死。本研究的目的是确定在高强度聚焦超声（HIFU）和激光间质热治疗（LITT）过程中，纳米颗粒混合组织在脉冲和连续加热下的效果。结合组织热弛豫时间（）的当前问题在表示复杂的不均匀组织结构的三维多层脉管系统乳腺肿瘤模型中得到解决。利用COMSOL Multiphysics（Bangalore，India）软件同时求解了光场、声场、流体场、温度场和机械场的耦合辐射转移、Helmontz、动量、双相滞后（DPL）和平衡方程。还对琼脂基组织体模进行了体外研究，以验证聚焦超声加热的当前数值结果。与非聚焦激光加热相比，聚焦超声加热下组织的热驰豫时间会导致热历史和损伤历史发生显着变化。在组织温度有限上升的情况下，与连续加热模式相比，具有较低占空比（16.6%）的较长时间的脉冲加热模式显示出目标特定的坏死性损伤，伤害性疼痛减少。此外，纳米颗粒和多级动脉和静脉的存在影响外部加热下的热和机械响应。因此，本研究结果有助于了解在临床热疗实践中不同的外部加热模式和热源对肿瘤坏死的作用。
英文摘要：
During laser and ultrasound thermotherapy it is always desirable to have a precise necrosis of deeply seated tumor preserving the adjoining healthy tissue with minimum thermally induced nociceptive pain sensation to the patient. The aim of the present study is to determine the effects of nanoparticle mixed tissues under pulsed and continuous heating during high intensity focused ultrasound (HIFU) and laser interstitial thermal therapy (LITT). The present problem incorporating the tissue thermal relaxation times ( ) was solved in a 3-dimensional multilayered vasculature breast tumor model signifying the complex inhomogeneous tissue structure. The coupled Radiative transfer, Helmontz, momentum, dual phase lag (DPL) and equilibrium equations for optic, acoustic, fluid, temperature and mechanical fields respectively were solved simultaneously using COMSOL Multiphysics (Bangalore, India) software. An in-vitro study on agar based tissue phantom was also performed to validate the present numerical results of focused ultrasound heating. The thermal relaxation times of tissue causes significant changes of thermal and damage history under focused ultrasound heating compared to unfocused laser heating. With limited rise in tissue temperature, the pulsed mode of heating for longer period with lower duty cycle (16.6%) shows a target specific necrotic damage with reduced nociceptive pain in contrast to continuous mode of heating. Further, the presence of nanoparticles and multilevel artery and vein affect both the thermal and mechanical response under external heating. Thus, the present findings could help to understand the role of different external heating modes and sources on tumor necrosis during clinical practice of thermo-therapy.
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