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arXiv 2007.13967astro-ph.GA
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有多少个组件?用APOGEE量化Milky Way凸起中金属丰度分布的复杂性

How Many Components? Quantifying the Complexity of the Metallicity Distribution in the Milky Way Bulge with APOGEE

A. Rojas-Arriagada, G. Zasowski, M. Schultheis, M. Zoccali, S. Hasselquist, C. Chiappini, R. E. Cohen, K. Cunha, J. G. Fernández-Trincado, F. Fragkoudi, D. A. G… 展开作者

A. Rojas-Arriagada, G. Zasowski, M. Schultheis, M. Zoccali, S. Hasselquist, C. Chiappini, R. E. Cohen, K. Cunha, J. G. Fernández-Trincado, F. Fragkoudi, D. A. García-Hernández, D. Geisler, J. Lian, S. Majewski, D. Minniti, C. Nitschelm, A. B. A. Queiroz

摘要:

我们利用SDSS/APOGEE巡天的$\sim$ 13,000颗恒星的数据来研究$|\ell|\leq11^\circ$和$|b|\leq13^\circ$区域内的隆起区的形状,并在空间上限制在${\rm R_{GC}\leq3.5}$ kpc。我们应用高斯混合模型和非负矩阵分解技术来确定最佳的数量和性能的可重构组件。我们发现的形状和空间的变化,在${\rm [Fe/H]\geq-1}$的dex的的?很好地表示为一个平滑变化的贡献的三个重叠的组件位于[Fe/H]=+ $0.32$,$-0.17$和$-0.66$ dex。一旦考虑到样本量和个体测量误差的限制,在以前的研究中发现的双峰分布与我们的三峰评估一致。通过对这三个分量的形状及其与运动学的相关性分析,揭示了这三个分量共存于隆起区的不同空间分布和运动学结构。我们确认的共识物理解释的金属丰富的恒星与世俗演变成一个四方形/花生X形酒吧盘。另一方面,金属中间恒星可能是在以剧烈和快速恒星形成为特征的富含气体的环境中以高红移原位形成的产物。这种解释将有助于将现在的结构与在高红移星系中心形成时观察到的结构联系起来。最后,贫金属星可能对应于从RR型天琴座星研究中以较低金属丰度采样的人口中富含金属的尾部。相反,它们可能与早期厚盘的金属贫乏尾部有关。

英文摘要:

We use data of $\sim$13,000 stars from the SDSS/APOGEE survey to study the shape of the bulge MDF within the region $|\ell|\leq11^\circ$ and $|b|\leq13^\circ$, and spatially constrained to ${\rm R_{GC}\leq3.5}$ kpc. We apply Gaussian Mixture Modeling and Non-negative Matrix Factorization decomposition techniques to identify the optimal number and the properties of MDF components. We find the shape and spatial variations of the MDF (at ${\rm [Fe/H]\geq-1}$ dex) are well represented as a smoothly varying contribution of three overlapping components located at [Fe/H]=+$0.32$, $-0.17$ and $-0.66$ dex. The bimodal MDF found in previous studies is in agreement with our trimodal assessment once the limitations in sample size and individual measurement errors are taken into account. The shape of the MDF and its correlations with kinematics reveal different spatial distributions and kinematical structure for the three components co-existing in the bulge region. We confirm the consensus physical interpretation of metal-rich stars as associated with the secularly evolved disk into a boxy/peanut X-shape bar. On the other hand, metal-intermediate stars could be the product of in-situ formation at high redshift in a gas-rich environment characterized by violent and fast star formation. This interpretation would help to link a present-day structure with those observed in formation in the center of high redshift galaxies. Finally, metal-poor stars may correspond to the metal-rich tail of the population sampled at lower metallicity from the study of RR Lyrae stars. Conversely, they could be associated with the metal-poor tail of the early thick disc.

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