协同提高混合轻物质传感器的精度
Cooperatively-enhanced precision of hybrid light-matter sensors
摘要：
我们考虑的混合系统的物质和光作为一个传感设备和量化的合作效应的作用。后者一般提高了测量有效光-物质耦合常数的精度。特别是，考虑到一个基本模型的$N$量子位耦合到一个单一的电磁模式，我们表明，最终的边界的精度显示双海森堡标度：$Δθ\propto1/(Nn)$，与$N$和$n$是量子位和光子的数量，分别。此外，即使使用经典状态并且仅测量一个子系统，也达到海森堡倍散粒噪声标度，即$1/(N\sqrt{n})$或$1/(n\sqrt{N})$。作为应用，我们证明了在光学腔中双势阱中的玻色-爱因斯坦凝聚体可以探测到引力加速度$g$，其相对精度与$Δg/g\simeq10^{-9}\text{Hz}^{-1/2}$相当。在这项研究中提出的分析方法考虑到泄漏的光子通过腔镜，并允许确定灵敏度时，$g$推断通过测量原子或光子。
英文摘要：
We consider a hybrid system of matter and light as a sensing device and quantify the role of cooperative effects. The latter generically enhance the precision with which modifications of the effective light-matter coupling constant can be measured. In particular, considering a fundamental model of $N$ qubits coupled to a single electromagnetic mode, we show that the ultimate bound for the precision shows double-Heisenberg scaling: $Δθ\propto1/(Nn)$, with $N$ and $n$ being the number of qubits and photons, respectively. Moreover, even using classical states and measuring only one subsystem, a Heisenberg-times-shot-noise scaling, i.e. $1/(N\sqrt{n})$ or $1/(n\sqrt{N})$, is reached. As an application, we show that a Bose-Einstein condensate trapped in a double-well potential within an optical cavity can detect the gravitational acceleration $g$ with the relative precision of $Δg/g\simeq10^{-9}\text{Hz}^{-1/2}$. The analytical approach presented in this study takes into account the leakage of photons through the cavity mirrors, and allows to determine the sensitivity when $g$ is inferred via measurements on atoms or photons.
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