金属密封中的流体泄漏
Fluid leakage in metallic seals
摘要：
金属密封件是许多重要应用中的关键机械元件，例如，在超高真空系统中。由于金属的高弹性模量和存在于所有固体表面上的表面粗糙度，如果不发生塑性形变，则在大多数情况下，人们预期在接触的金属体之间会有大的流体流动通道和大的流体泄漏。然而，在大多数应用中，至少在粗糙水平处发生塑性形变，这允许表面彼此接近到流体泄漏通常可以忽略的程度。在这项研究中，我们提出了一个实验装置，用于研究金属密封中的流体泄漏。研究了钢球与带锥面的钢体（座）之间的漏水问题。实验结果被发现是在良好的定量协议（拟合参数自由）的理论模型。该理论预测塑性形变使泄漏率降低一个因子$\approx 8$
英文摘要：
Metallic seals are crucial machine elements in many important applications, e.g., in ultrahigh vacuum systems. Due to the high elastic modulus of metals, and the surface roughness which exists on all solid surfaces, if no plastic deformation would occur one expects in most cases large fluid flow channels between the contacting metallic bodies, and large fluid leakage. However, in most applications plastic deformation occurs, at least at the asperity level, which allows the surfaces to approach each other to such an extent that fluid leakage often can be neglected. In this study, we present an experimental set-up for studying the fluid leakage in metallic seals. We study the water leakage between a steel sphere and a steel body (seat) with a conical surface. The experimental results are found to be in good quantitative agreement with a (fitting-parameter-free) theoretical model. The theory predicts that the plastic deformations reduce the leak-rate by a factor $\approx 8$
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