从气候变化到流行病：决策科学可以帮助科学家产生影响
From climate change to pandemics: decision science can help scientists have impact
摘要：
科学知识和进步是现代社会的基石。它们提高了我们对我们所生活的世界的理解，并帮助我们应对全球挑战，包括新出现的传染病，气候变化和生物多样性危机。对于任何科学家来说，无论他们主要从事基础知识的生成还是应用科学，了解科学如何融入决策框架都很重要。决策科学是一个旨在确定基于证据的管理策略的领域。它为科学家提供了一个框架，以直接影响决策或了解他们的工作将如何融入决策过程。决策科学不仅仅是进行有针对性的相关科学研究或提供工具以协助决策者;它是一种制定问题的方法，将数学建模，利益相关者价值观和后勤限制结合起来以支持决策。在本文中，我们描述了决策科学，它在不同情况下的使用，并强调了目前在方法和应用方面的差距。COVID-19大流行将数学模型推到了公众的聚光灯下，但这只是建模为决策提供信息的无数例子之一。其他例子包括风暴系统的模型（例如。气旋、飓风）和气候变化。虽然这些例子中的决策时间尺度差异很大（从几小时到几十年），但基本的决策科学方法在所有问题中都很常见。弥合不同群体之间的沟通差距是科学家面临的最大挑战之一。然而，通过更好地理解和参与决策过程，科学家将产生更大的影响，并为重要的社会问题做出更大的贡献。
英文摘要：
Scientific knowledge and advances are a cornerstone of modern society. They improve our understanding of the world we live in and help us navigate global challenges including emerging infectious diseases, climate change and the biodiversity crisis. For any scientist, whether they work primarily in fundamental knowledge generation or in the applied sciences, it is important to understand how science fits into a decision-making framework. Decision science is a field that aims to pinpoint evidence-based management strategies. It provides a framework for scientists to directly impact decisions or to understand how their work will fit into a decision process. Decision science is more than undertaking targeted and relevant scientific research or providing tools to assist policy makers; it is an approach to problem formulation, bringing together mathematical modelling, stakeholder values and logistical constraints to support decision making. In this paper we describe decision science, its use in different contexts, and highlight current gaps in methodology and application. The COVID-19 pandemic has thrust mathematical models into the public spotlight, but it is one of innumerable examples in which modelling informs decision making. Other examples include models of storm systems (eg. cyclones, hurricanes) and climate change. Although the decision timescale in these examples differs enormously (from hours to decades), the underlying decision science approach is common across all problems. Bridging communication gaps between different groups is one of the greatest challenges for scientists. However, by better understanding and engaging with the decision-making processes, scientists will have greater impact and make stronger contributions to important societal problems.
机构、总结、中文摘要均由AI分析而来，可能存在错误，请以论文正文为准。
