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arXiv 2007.13009astro-ph.EPastro-ph.SR
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双行星系统的动力学演化及其与白矮星大气污染的联系

Dynamical evolution of two-planet systems and its connection with white dwarf atmospheric pollution

R. F. Maldonado, E. Villaver, A. J. Mustill, M. Chávez, E. Bertone

摘要:

小行星物质在白矮星(WD)中被探测到是由于金属造成的大气污染,以气体/尘埃盘的形式,或在测光凌日中。在目前的范式中,次要天体需要被分散,最有可能是被行星分散到高度偏心的轨道上,在那里物质被潮汐力破坏,然后吸积到恒星上。这可以通过行星-行星散射过程发生,该过程由行星系后主序星演化期间的恒星质量损失触发。到目前为止,对这一过程的$N$ -天体动力学的研究已经使用了专门建造的人造行星系架构。在这项工作中,我们试图更进一步,研究更多的限制性系统提供的动力学不稳定性,在同一时间,让我们探索更广泛的参数空间:数百个多行星系周围发现的主序星(MS)。我们发现,我们的模拟系统中的大多数保持稳定的MS,红和渐近巨星分支和几个陀螺到WD阶段的宿主星。总体而言,只有$\approx$ 2.3 $\%$的模拟系统失去了一个行星的WD作为动力学不稳定的结果。如果不稳定性发生在WD阶段,大多数会导致行星喷射,只有5个行星配置以行星与WD碰撞结束。最后,3.2个模拟系统中的$\%$经历了某种形式的轨道散射或轨道交叉,如果同一系统中存在微行星,这些散射或轨道交叉可能会以持续的速度造成污染。

英文摘要:

Asteroid material is detected in white dwarfs (WDs) as atmospheric pollution by metals, in the form of gas/dust discs, or in photometric transits. Within the current paradigm, minor bodies need to be scattered, most likely by planets, into highly eccentric orbits where the material gets disrupted by tidal forces and then accreted onto the star. This can occur through a planet-planet scattering process triggered by the stellar mass loss during the post main-sequence evolution of planetary systems. So far, studies of the $N$-body dynamics of this process have used artificial planetary system architectures built ad hoc. In this work, we attempt to go a step further and study the dynamical instability provided by more restrictive systems, that, at the same time allow us an exploration of a wider parameter space: the hundreds of multiple planetary systems found around main-sequence (MS) stars. We find that most of our simulated systems remain stable during the MS, Red and Asymptotic Giant Branch and for several Gyr into the WD phases of the host star. Overall, only $\approx$ 2.3$\%$ of the simulated systems lose a planet on the WD as a result of dynamical instability. If the instabilities take place during the WD phase most of them result in planet ejections with just 5 planetary configurations ending as a collision of a planet with the WD. Finally 3.2$\%$ of the simulated systems experience some form of orbital scattering or orbit crossing that could contribute to the pollution at a sustained rate if planetesimals are present in the same system.

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