Algebras of UTxO blockchains

UTxO- vs account-based smart contract blockchain programming paradigms

We implement two versions of a simple but illustrative smart contract: one in Solidity on the Ethereum blockchain platform, and one in Plutus on the Cardano platform, with annotated code excerpts and with source code attached. We get a clearer view of the Cardano programming model in particular by introducing a novel mathematical abstraction which we call Idealised EUTxO. For each version of the contract, we trace how the architectures of the underlying platforms and their mathematics affects the natural programming styles and natural classes of errors. We prove some simple but novel results a…

半拓扑：通过拓扑、代数与逻辑实现分布式协作行动

Semitopology: distributed collaborative action via topology, algebra, and logic

本文提出半拓扑这一推广点集拓扑的框架，用开集表示可协作更新局部状态的参与者联盟，并结合代数与逻辑为文件共享、区块链等分布式系统提供统一的概念基础。