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arXiv 2007.12050astro-ph.HEphysics.plasm-ph
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辐射相对论turbulence极端双温等离子体的产生和持续性

Production and persistence of extreme two-temperature plasmas in radiative relativistic turbulence

Vladimir Zhdankin, Dmitri A. Uzdensky, Matthew W. Kunz

摘要:

湍流是激发无碰撞天体物理等离子体中电子和离子的主要过程,因此负责塑造它们的辐射特征(光度,光谱和可变性)。为了更好地理解无碰撞辐射等离子体受外部驱动的湍流的动力学性质,我们调查的粒子在细胞模拟的相对论等离子体湍流与外部逆康普顿冷却作用于电子。我们发现,离子不断升温,而电子逐渐冷却(由于辐射的净效应),因此离子与电子的温度比$T_i/T_e$随时间增长。我们发现,$T_i/T_e$是有限的,只有模拟的大小和持续时间(达到$T_i/T_e \sim 10^3$),表明没有有效的碰撞机制的电子-离子热耦合。这一结果对辐射效率低下的吸积流模型有影响,例如在银河系中心和M87中观察到的,所谓的具有$T_i/T_e \gg 1$的双温等离子体被用来解释它们的低光度。此外,我们发现,电子获得准热分布(由湍流粒子散射和辐射冷却的竞争决定),而离子进行有效的非热加速(获得比等效非辐射模拟更硬的分布)。有一个适度的非热人口的高能电子束间歇地在空间,时间和方向;这些电子束可以解释快速耀斑在某些高能天体物理系统(例如,银河中心(Galactic Center)这些数值结果表明,极端的双温等离子体可以产生和维持的相对论辐射湍流。

英文摘要:

Turbulence is a predominant process for energizing electrons and ions in collisionless astrophysical plasmas, and thus is responsible for shaping their radiative signatures (luminosity, spectra, and variability). To better understand the kinetic properties of a collisionless radiative plasma subject to externally driven turbulence, we investigate particle-in-cell simulations of relativistic plasma turbulence with external inverse Compton cooling acting on the electrons. We find that ions continuously heat up while electrons gradually cool down (due to the net effect of radiation), and hence the ion-to-electron temperature ratio $T_i/T_e$ grows in time. We show that $T_i/T_e$ is limited only by the size and duration of the simulations (reaching $T_i/T_e \sim 10^3$), indicating that there are no efficient collisionless mechanisms of electron-ion thermal coupling. This result has implications for models of radiatively inefficient accretion flows, such as observed in the Galactic Center and in M87, for which so-called two-temperature plasmas with $T_i/T_e \gg 1$ have been invoked to explain their low luminosity. Additionally, we find that electrons acquire a quasi-thermal distribution (dictated by the competition of turbulent particle energization and radiative cooling), while ions undergo efficient nonthermal acceleration (acquiring a harder distribution than in equivalent non-radiative simulations). There is a modest nonthermal population of high-energy electrons that are beamed intermittently in space, time, and direction; these beamed electrons may explain rapid flares in certain high-energy astrophysical systems (e.g., in the Galactic Center). These numerical results demonstrate that extreme two-temperature plasmas can be produced and maintained by relativistic radiative turbulence.

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